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Maize machine direct sowing method under condition of smashed wheat straw incorporation in Shajiang black soil area

A wheat straw and straw pulverization technology, which is applied in the field of agronomy, can solve the problems of insufficient technical mastery, slowed seedling growth, reduced germination rate and the like, and achieves the effects of promoting sustainable agricultural development, promoting seedling growth and increasing water content.

Active Publication Date: 2017-07-28
河南沃丰农业开发有限公司
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0003] Research data show that in recent years, in the southern part of my country's Huang-Huai-Hai region, corn machine-directed direct seeding technology has been gradually promoted and popularized under the condition that wheat straw is fully crushed and covered and directly returned to the field. something went wrong and had some side effects
Although straw mulching can increase soil organic carbon, there is a tendency to reduce yield in the short term, and there are many disadvantages. For example, straw mulching can inhibit crop seed germination, emergence and seedling growth, mainly manifested in the decrease of germination rate and the emergence period. Delayed, slowed seedling growth

Method used

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  • Maize machine direct sowing method under condition of smashed wheat straw incorporation in Shajiang black soil area
  • Maize machine direct sowing method under condition of smashed wheat straw incorporation in Shajiang black soil area
  • Maize machine direct sowing method under condition of smashed wheat straw incorporation in Shajiang black soil area

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Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0046] Step 1. Mechanized operation of crushing wheat straw and covering and returning to the field.

[0047] Start the combine harvester equipped with a straw chopping and throwing device, and perform chopping and throwing of wheat straw while harvesting wheat (such as figure 1 ).

[0048] The machine should drive into the field at a low speed and start working. The speed should be in the second gear. On the premise of not affecting the quality, the working speed can be increased appropriately.

[0049] Wheat straw crushing and mulching mechanization technology quality indicators: stubble height ≤ 25cm, qualified wheat straw chopped length ≤ 15cm, straw crushed length qualified rate ≥ 85%, stubble coverage rate ≥ 40%, missed cutting rate ≤ 20%, Straw spreading unevenness ≤ 20%. The corn sowing depth is 2.5cm-4.5cm, the seed fertilizer is applied 3cm-5cm below the seeds, the soil is tightly suppressed, the seed breakage rate is ≤0.5%, the hole rate is ≤3%, there is no misse...

Embodiment 2

[0090] The basic steps in this embodiment are similar to those in Embodiment 1, and are briefly introduced here. Unless otherwise specified, the operation process of this step refers to Embodiment 1.

[0091] Step 1. Utilize the combine harvester equipped with the straw chopping and spreading device, and carry out the wheat throwing operation while harvesting the wheat.

[0092] Step 2, use the corn machine to live broadcast the seeds.

[0093] Step 3. Fertilizers are fully applied, and chemical fertilizers are mechanically applied deeply.

[0094] Step 4, sowing and strengthening seedlings under the condition of straw returning to the field.

[0095] Step 5. Moisture conservation and irrigation for quick rot under the conditions of straw returning to the field.

[0096] Step 6. Integrated prevention and control of grass and insect pests in corn fields under the condition of straw returning to the field.

[0097] (1) Weed damage control: before the seedlings after sowing, w...

Embodiment 3

[0107] In the Huang-Huai-Hai area, especially in Anhui Province, one of the main factors reducing summer maize production is the problem of waterlogging during the rainy season. In order to drain waterlogging, the present invention adopts the mode of ditching alternately behind the corn seeds to drain water. The purpose of drainage is to ensure the output of the year, but at the same time, it will bring about a long-term problem, that is, soil erosion. Nowadays, grain growers generally focus on the current output, while ignoring water and soil erosion. This kind of soil erosion occurs especially on sloping land, especially on sloping land in areas with abundant rainfall. In order to ensure smooth drainage, many corns are planted in ridges along the slope. This planting method is easy to drain water, but it is easy to cause soil erosion due to excessive water flow. With the current planting method, the weeds at the bottom of the corn are thoroughly cleaned, and the land withou...

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Abstract

The invention provides a maize machine direct sowing method under the condition of smashed wheat straw incorporation in the Shajiang black soil area. The method comprises the steps that wheat straw is harvested; the obtained wheat straw is smashed by means of a straw smashing device and then uniformly scattered, and covers the ground surface; base fertilizers with the nitrogenous fertilizer as a main is applied on the soil with the smashed wheat straw; maize sowing is conducted; after sowing or around stem pushing, ditching is conducted in an interlacing mode; 40% of Acetochlor Atrazine or 48% of ametryn and 50% of acetochlor and other or other weed killers are mixed with water for closed weeding; from the stem pushing period to the small horn mouth period of maize, nitrogenous fertilizer topdressing is conducted, and secondary nitrogenous fertilizer topdressing is conducted in the big horn mouth period. The inventor continually verifies and improves the method through field trials on different test field in nearly ten years, the results show that by means of the method, it can be ensured that the yield of maize is not affected in the wheat straw incorporation process, and even the yield is improved, and the greatest concern of farmers about reduction of the yield in the early incorporation stage is solved.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agronomy, and in particular relates to a crop cultivation and tillage technology, which can effectively improve soil structure and physical and chemical properties, maintain water and soil, and play a positive role in promoting sustainable agricultural development. Background technique [0002] The soil in the wheat / corn planting area in Anhui Province belongs to Shajiang black soil. This type of soil is generally "drought, waterlogged, stiff, and thin", which seriously affects the normal growth of crops and leads to low soil production efficiency. Straw returning to the field mainly improves the soil by improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil and increasing the organic matter of the soil. Straw is a by-product of agricultural production, rich in resources, and also an important source of organic fertilizer in agricultural production. The technology of returning wheat straw to the fiel...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): A01G1/00A01C21/00
CPCA01B79/02A01C21/005A01G13/00A01G22/00A01G22/20
Inventor 张银萍李金才宋有洪魏凤珍黄波贺亮周洁
Owner 河南沃丰农业开发有限公司
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