Aluminum alloy plate type component frozen forming method

Abstract

The invention provides an aluminum alloy plate type component frozen forming method. In the method, by means of the characteristic that plasticity of an aluminum alloy plate is improved under ultralowtemperature, an aluminum alloy plate material 3 is cooled to the ultralow temperature range below 123 K through a cooling agent 1, and a die 2 is adopted for forming a complex thin-wall component. Compared with the prior art, the method has the beneficial effects that the method is executed under ultralow temperature condition, the plasticity of the aluminum alloy material is improved, the problem that plate type components in complex shapes are cracked when formed is solved, the forming limit is remarkably improved, the internal structure of aluminum alloy is not changed, structure propertydamage is not produced, frozen lubricating layers are formed on the working surfaces of the aluminum alloy plate and a die, and plate flow friction resistance can be reduced; and meanwhile, the low-temperature cooling agent is environmentally friendly, and the tonnage and manufacturing cost of equipment can be greatly reduced compared with hot forming and hydrodynamic deep drawing forming.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plate forming, in particular to a freezing forming method for aluminum alloy plate components. Background technique [0002] As a lightweight, high-strength ratio material, aluminum alloy is widely used in the manufacture of the main structure of aircraft such as aviation and aerospace. With the development of high-precision, integrated and complex structures of aviation and aerospace parts, it is required that the die-attachment gap of plate components is less than 0.2mm, the diameter-to-thickness ratio is greater than 400, and the wall thickness reduction rate is less than 10%. Especially with the wide application of high-strength, light-weight aluminum alloys and aluminum-lithium alloys, the plastic forming problems of aluminum alloy plate components with complex shapes, spatial surfaces, and thin-walled structures are becoming more and more prominent. The data show that: at room temperature, when the...

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Problems solved by technology

For example, the softening behavior of the aluminum alloy material during superplastic forming is significant, which will accelerate the local necking of the aluminum alloy sheet, resulting in a wall thickness reduction rate of more than 60% for complex curved panels; in addition, the heating process will cause the aluminum alloy to produce Unnecessary recovery and recrystallization processes induce abnormal growth of grains and uneven distribution of structure or phase components. For example, 2219 aluminum alloy melon petals are pre-stretched by 5% and the grain size grows 10 times after solution heat treatment , the service strength and fatigue performance of the parts are greatly reduced; in addition, due to the residual stress generated after stress relaxation and the thermal properties of the parts and the mold are different, the springback of the aluminum alloy plate is seriously out of tolerance after creep deformation and cooling, and the residual stress difference can reach 100MPa , springback prediction and compensation are very difficult

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