Fluidized bed hydrogenation reaction equipment and fluidized bed hydrogenation method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogenation, and particularly relates to fluidized bed hydrogenation reaction equipment and a fluidized bed hydrogenation method. The fluidized bed hydrogenation reaction equipment comprises a fluidized bed hydrogenation reactor, a catalyst adding system and a catalyst adding pipeline, wherein the catalyst adding system comprises a catalyst storagetank and a catalyst delivering pipeline; the catalyst delivering pipeline communicates with the catalyst storage tank and inner space of the fluidized bed hydrogenation reactor; at least two valves are arranged on the catalyst delivering pipeline; the catalyst delivering pipeline between the two valves communicates with the catalyst adding pipeline by a hydrogen sulfide leakage prevention pipeline; and at least one valve is arranged on the hydrogen sulfide leakage prevention pipeline. By the fluidized bed hydrogenation reaction equipment, potential safety hazards caused by internal leakage due to frequent operation under special working conditions when a catalyst is added in a system are solved; the utilization rate of the reactor is further increased, the hydrogenation reaction effect isimproved, and the stability of operation of the device is improved; and the fluidized bed hydrogenation method is scientific and reasonable, and simple and practicable.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogenation, and in particular relates to a fluidized bed hydrogenation reaction equipment and a fluidized bed hydrogenation method. Background technique [0002] Ebullated bed hydrogenation reaction refers to the process of hydrogenation reaction of feedstock oil (mainly in liquid phase) and hydrogen (gas phase) on catalyst (solid phase). Hydrogenation reaction mainly occurs in hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation , hydrogenation saturation, hydrocracking, etc. The reactor operates in the boiling state of gas, liquid and solid. The catalyst is in a boiling state driven by the raw material oil and hydrogen entering from the bottom of the reactor, which is in a completely different fluid state from the fixed bed reactor. The ebullating bed hydrogenation reaction can process low-quality feed oil with high metal and high asphaltene content. The reaction has the characteristics...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0004] There are currently two main types of ebullating hydrogenation technology, one is the oil phase circulation method, such as the ebullating bed process described in USRe25,770, the disadvantage of this process in practical application is: in order to maintain the liquid-solid separation effect, The amount of catalyst in the reactor should not be too much, and the utilization rate of the reactor is low. The utilization rate of the industrial ebullating bed reactor is generally only about 40% (the utilization rate generally refers to the percentage of the catalyst loading to the reactor volume (excluding the head space). The utilization rate of the reactor is generally above 90%); the reactor has a large space so that the residence time of the liquid material is too long without catalytic conditions, there is no hydrogenation reaction in this part, and the material is easy to react and coke at high temperature

Another kind is to arrange three-phase separator in the reactor, carry out gas-liquid-solid separation in the upper part of the reactor, as the ebullating bed reactor that CN 02109404.7 introduces, by setting built-in three-phase separator according to this scheme, can improve The amount of catalyst is to increase the utilization space of the reactor, but in actual use, the amount of catalyst increases the limit. If the amount of catalyst increases, the separation effect of the three-phase separator will drop rapidly, and it is actually more efficient than the first type of ebullating bed reactor. The improvement of the efficiency is limited; CN 200710012680.9 has further improved the above-mentioned technology. A guide structure is set at the lower part of the three-phase separator, and the guide structure is used to increase the operating flexibility of the three-phase separator, ensure the efficient separation of the three-phase separator, and reduce the bandage of the catalyst. output, increase the amount of catalyst storage, and increase the utilization rate of the reactor, but when in use, it is still necessary to set a catalyst dilute phase area in a certain area at the lower part of the three-phase separator (as shown in the attached figure, the amount of catalyst in this area is very small, basically no Hydrogenation reaction occurs), otherwise the separation effect of the three-phase separator still cannot meet the requirements, and the existence of the dilute phase zone affects the further improvement of the utilization rate of the reactor (although it is pointed out in the specification that the catalyst loading in the reactor shell can be 40% to 70% of the reactor volume, but generally only about 50% can operate stably), which also affects the hydrogenation reaction effect, and after the scale of the reactor is enlarged, it is more difficult to increase the catalyst loading, and it is difficult to reach the experimental device Effect

Although the latter theoretically does not require circulating oil, it will make it difficult for the catalyst to reach a stable boiling state during start-up, shutdown, and abnormal operation, resulting in insufficient operational stability.

Images