Chemical attractants for moths

Abstract

Compositions and lures are described which provide synthetic chemical attractants which function as highly effective attractants for male and female moths, primarily moths of the family Noctuidae. In one aspect, the attractants provide an effective attractant amount of vapor of 3-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-pentanol or mixtures thereof. In another aspect, the attractants provide vapor blends of acetic acid and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of 3-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-2-butanol, and 3-methyl-1-pentanol. By attracting male and female moths to traps or baits, the chemical attractants provide a means for detecting, surveying, monitoring, and controlling the moths.

Description

[0001] 1. Field of the Invention[0002] The present invention relates to synthetic chemical insect attractants. More particularly, the invention relates to chemical attractants and use thereof to detect, survey, monitor, and / or control moths (Lepidoptera).[0003] 2. Description of the Art[0004] Many species of moths (Lepidoptera) are pestiferous. Larvae or caterpillars of a number of species of moths are serious pests of agricultural crops throughout the world. In the family Noctuidae, in particular, are many species of cutworms, armyworms, fruitworms, and others that cause severe losses of vegetable and fruit, as well as forage, and fiber crops and necessitate the use of large amounts of pesticides to reduce these losses. Three important species in western North America are the bertha armyworm (Mamestra configurata), the spotted cutworm (Xestia c-nigrum), and Lacanobia subjuncta. These are pests of many vegetable and forage crops, and Lacanobia subjuncta has recently been identified ...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0061] As discussed above, use of the attractants as control agents can be carried out in several ways. The attractant may be placed within a trap which allows the insects to enter but prevents their exit. In this manner, the foraging power of the colony is reduced thereby achieving some degree of control over the colony. Another method is to use the attractant to attract the moths to suitable substrates and subsequently or simultaneously expose the insects to insecticides which control the moths. An effective amount of the insecticide, toxicant or other bioactive chemical or material is used, that is, an amount sufficient upon contact or ingestion to kill the moth, to render it impaired sufficiently to be trapped, drowned, or insolated, or to disrupt neural or other physiological functions to prevent essential colony functions or reproduction. An effective amount of a pathogen or disease organism is used, that is, an amount sufficient upon contact or ingestion or carried by the moth, to kill the moth or initiate an epizootic within the population. Insecticides can be used in traps baited with the attractant, thereby minimizing the dissemination of the insecticide and contamination of foods and the environment. Chemosterilants can be used in conjunction with the composition to attract and sterilize moths.

Problems solved by technology

Larvae or caterpillars of a number of species of moths are serious pests of agricultural crops throughout the world.

They are of limited use in pest control because of the lack of effect on females and because they are not effective as attractants when the same sex pheromones are used for mating disruption by air permeation.

The development of chemical attractants for monitoring pest levels and economic injury levels of pest moths on crops has been hampered by a lack of effective lures for females of these species.

Although numerous synthetic chemical attractants are known for moths, none are based on moth attraction to fermented sweet baits and very few are effective in attracting females.

Many species of noctuid moths are key pests of agricultural crops and cause losses of vegetable, fruit, forage, and fiber crops through direct consumption by larvae and by reduction in food quality.

Many species of armyworms and cutworms are prone to intermittent population outbreaks in some geographic areas, causing severe losses to agricultural crops.

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