Methods of use of one step immunochromatographic device for streptococcus a antigen

Abstract

A method to determine the presence or absence of Streptococcus Group A antigen in a sample, comprising the following steps: extracting the antigen from the sample in an assay chamber with two or less extraction reagents, wherein the two reagents may be added to the assay chamber in no particular sequence; introducing a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay device into the extraction reagents containing the extracted antigen without further addition of reagents or manipulation of the sample; forming an antigen-indicator labeling reagent complex; and determining the presence or absence of the antigen in the sample by the presence or absence of a signal formed by the binding of the antigen-indicator labeling reagent complex to an indicator capture reagent specific for said antigen-indicator labeling reagent complex.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0001] This invention relates to immunological methods and devices for detecting analytes in biological samples. [0002] Numerous approaches have been developed for detection of a given analyte in a biological sample. Typical of these methods are the so called “lateral flow” and “flow-through” devices and methods. The flow-through device generally uses a porous material with a reagent-containing matrix layered thereon or incorporated therein. Test sample is applied to and flows through the porous material, and analyte in the sample reacts with the reagent(s) to produce a detectable signal on the porous material. These devices are generally encased in a plastic housing or casing with calibrations to aid in the detection of the particular analyte. [0003] Lateral flow assays also utilize a porous membrane for performing analyte detection. Instead of drawing the sample through the membrane perpendicularly, the sample is permitted to flow laterally from an appl...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0045] In the assays of this invention, neutralization of the nitrous acid solution is not required following extraction of the antigens prior to running the lateral flow immunochromatographic assay. Preferably the lateral flow immunochromatographic assay device contains a porous sample receiving region member impregnated with buffer which will neutralize the nitrous acid during lateral flow of the sample through the device.

[0048] Because simplifying the number of reagents added to the sample and decreasing manipulation of the sample following extraction is desirable for health and safety and regulatory purposes, it is desirable to develop other design variations that simplify the number of reagents necessary to perform the assay, and which eliminate the need for further sample manipulation following extraction of the antigen in order to decrease the possibility of user error. For instance, further manipulation of the sample can result in mixing or loss of samples during transfer. In addition, use of more than three reagents which must be added to an assay chamber in a specific order can result in errors in the sequence of addition.

[0057] In addition, in an embodiment using a test strip, the porous materials in the above aspect are laminated with one continuous or separate semi-rigid material, preferably at least 0.001 inches thick. The total thickness of all of the layers of the immunoassay device is preferably at least 0.003 inches thick. The laminate covers the back only and provides adequate mechanical strength to the device, i.e., it provides support and strength characteristics to the porous material and overall device such that lateral flow of liquid through the device will not be interrupted, for instance by the collapse or disintegration of the device upon wetting. Additional support for the device during the immunoassay may be provided by the walls of a test tube against which the device may rest during the lateral flow.

[0077] The control reagent is immobilized to the porous material. Once it binds the control reagent it immobilizes the labeling reagent and prevents it from continuing lateral flow with the liquid sample, giving rise to a positive control signal. Just as the capture reagent is immobilized in a discrete situs on the porous material of the analyte detection region, the control reagent is also immobilized in a discrete situs on the porous material of the analyte detection region. Binding of the immobilized capture control reagent to the control labeling reagent results in the formation of a positive control signal, which serves as an internal control that the assay was performed properly. The capture reagent for the control reagent may be applied to the porous in any geometrical shape desired.

Problems solved by technology

Such tests requiring the addition of more than two reagents introduce the possibility of user error in the sequence of addition of the reagents, necessitating performance of the test by a skilled worker in order to obtain reliable results.

Use of a swab which does not precisely fit into the plastic chamber will result in liquid flow which is too rapid for efficient sample extraction.

These one-step assays are complex devices requiring a number of immunoassay reagents.

Moreover, because the geometry of these devices for these one-step assays limits the amount of mixing of the sample with the extraction reagents and / or the time of exposure of the sample to the extraction reagents, these assays have limited sensitivity due to poor extraction of the analyte.

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