Biomedical treatment systems and methods

Abstract

An apparatus and method for distraction of tissue or bone in a surgery. A method comprises inserting into targeted tissue a distraction device configured with at least one phase transition extendable body. After deployment in a non-extended configuration, the physician applies a stimulus to the body or bodies to cause a liquid-to-vapor or solid-to-vapor phase transition within the body that extends the body in a fast event from the non-extended configuration to an extended configuration to thereby apply distraction forces to the targeted tissue. The extendable body is made of biocompatible materials having any suitable configuration. In one embodiment, the implant and system is used for reducing a vertebral compression fracture. The distraction system can be used to distribute forces over a selected region of strong cortical bone to restore vertebral height. Such a system can be dimensioned as a cylindrical, spherical, annular or part-annular construct for creating selected directional forces for moving apart cortical endplates.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application claims benefit of Provisional U.S. patent application Ser. No. 60 / 615,559 filed Oct. 2, 2004 titled Biomedical Implant Systems and Methods of Use. This application also is related to U.S. application Ser. No. 11 / 165,652 (Atty. Docket No. DFINE.001A1, filed Jun. 24, 2005 titled Bone Treatment Systems and Methods; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11 / 165,651 (Atty. Docket No. DFINE.001A2), filed Jun. 24, 2005, titled Bone Treatment Systems and Methods. The entire contents of all of the above cross-referenced applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety and should be considered a part of this specification.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] 1. Field of the Invention [0003] The present invention relates to medical devices, and more particularly, to methods and apparatus for applying retraction forces to bone or soft tissue. An exemplary embodiment is used for applying forces to reduce a vertebral f...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0021] In one embodiment, the invention provides an implant system that allows from controlled forces for moving cortical bone in a collapsed ver

Problems solved by technology

Medical advances aimed at slowing or arresting bone loss from aging have not provided solutions to this problem.

Osteoporosis affects the entire skeleton but most commonly causes fractures in the spine and hip.

Spinal or vertebral fractures also have serious consequences, with patients suffering from loss of height, deformity and persistent pain which can significantly impair mobility and quality of life.

Osteoporosis describes a condition of decreased bone mass that leads to fragile bones which are at an increased risk for fractures.

In an osteoporotic bone, the sponge-like cancellous bone has pores or voids that increase in dimension, making the bone very fragile.

In an elderly patient, bone resorption can surpass bone formation thus resulting in deterioration of bone density.

The bilateral transpedicular approach is typically used because inadequate PMMA infill is achieved with a unilateral approach.

Since the PMMA needs to be forced into cancellous bone, the technique requires high pressures and fairly low viscosity cement.

Since the cortical bone of the targeted vertebra may have a recent fracture, there is the potential of PMMA leakage.

Leakage of PMMA during vertebroplasty can result in very serious complications including compression of adjacent structures that necessitate emergency decompressive surgery.

The exothermic reaction of PMMA carries potential catastrophic consequences if thermal damage were to extend to the dural sac, cord, and nerve roots.

Vertebroplasty patients often return with new pain caused by a new vertebral body fracture.

Leakage of ceme

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