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Novel serpentine transmembrane antigens expressed in human cancers and uses thereof

a technology of human cancer and transmembrane, which is applied in the field of new serpentine transmembrane antigens expressed in human cancers, can solve the problems of slow progress in this field, lack of effective and non-toxic systemic therapies, and still no effective treatment for metastatic prostate cancer

Inactive Publication Date: 2007-06-14
AFAR DANIEL E +4
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Generally speaking, the fundamental problem in the management of the deadliest cancers is the lack of effective and non-toxic systemic therapies.
While molecular medicine promises to redefine the ways in which these cancers are managed, progress in this area has been slow despite intensive worldwide efforts to develop novel molecular diagnostics and therapeutics.
Despite the magnitude of these figures, there is still no effective treatment for metastatic prostate cancer.
Unfortunately, these treatments are ineffective for many and are often associated with undesirable consequences.
Tumors within this zone may not produce any symptoms and, as a result, most men with early-stage prostate cancer will not present clinical symptoms of the disease until significant progression has occurred.
Tumor progression into the transition zone of the prostate may lead to urethral obstruction, thus producing the first symptoms of the disease.
However, these clinical symptoms are indistinguishable from the common non-malignant condition of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Both have major limitations which have fueled intensive research into finding better diagnostic markers of this disease.
Accordingly, the lack of a prostate tumor marker that can accurately detect early-stage, localized tumors remains a significant limitation in the management of prostate cancer.
A similar problem is the lack of an effective prognostic marker for determining which cancers are indolent and which ones are or will be aggressive.
PSA, for example, cannot accurately discriminate between these alternatives.
Although the serum PSA assay has been a very useful tool, its specificity and general utility is widely regarded as lacking in several important respects.
However, none of these methodologies have been able to reproducibly distinguish benign from malignant prostate disease.
Similarly, there is no available marker that can predict the emergence of the typically fatal metastatic stage of prostate cancer.
However, the expression of PSM in small intestine and brain (Israeli et al., 1994, Cancer Res. 54: 1807), as well its potential role in neuropeptide catabolism in brain, raises concern of potential neurotoxicity with anti-PSM therapies.

Method used

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  • Novel serpentine transmembrane antigens expressed in human cancers and uses thereof
  • Novel serpentine transmembrane antigens expressed in human cancers and uses thereof
  • Novel serpentine transmembrane antigens expressed in human cancers and uses thereof

Examples

Experimental program
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example 1

Isolation of cDNA Fragment of STEAP-1 Gene

Materials and Methods

Cell Lines and Human Tissues

[0134] All human cancer cell lines used in this study were obtained from the ATCC. All cell lines were maintained in DMEM with 10% fetal calf serum. PrEC (primary prostate epithelial cells) were obtained from Clonetics and were grown in PrEBM media supplemented with growth factors (Clonetics).

[0135] All human prostate cancer xenografts were originally provided by Charles Sawyers (UCLA) (Klein et al., 1997). LAPC-4 AD and LAPC-9 AD xenografts were routinely passaged as small tissue chunks in recipient SCID males. LAPC-4 AI and LAPC-9 AI xenografts were derived as described previously (Klein et al., 1997) and were passaged in castrated males or in female SCID mice. A benign prostatic hyperplasia tissue sample was patient-derived.

[0136] Human tissues for RNA and protein analyses were obtained from the Human Tissue Resource Center (HTRC) at the UCLA (Los Angeles, Calif.) and from QualTek, I...

example 2

Isolation of Full Length STEAP-1 Encoding cDNA

[0154] The 436 bp 8P1D4 gene fragment (Example 1) was used to isolate additional cDNAs encoding the 8P1D4 / STEAP-1 gene. Briefly, a normal human prostate cDNA library (Clontech) was screened with a labeled probe generated from the 436 bp 8P1D4 cDNA. One of the positive clones, clone 10, is 1195 bp in length and encodes a 339 amino acid protein having nucleotide and encoded amino acid sequences bearing no significant homology to any known human genes or proteins (homology to a rat Kidney Injury Protein recently described in International Application WO98 / 53071). The encoded protein contains at least 6 predicted transmembrane motifs implying a cell surface orientation (see FIG. 1A, predicted transmembrane motifs underlined). These structural features led to the designation “STEAP”, for “Six Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate”. Subsequent identification of additional STEAP proteins led to the re-designation of the 8P1D4 gene p...

example 3

STEAP-1 Gene and Protein Expression Analysis

[0155] In order to begin to characterize the biological characteristics of STEAP-1, an extensive evaluation of STEAP-1 mRNA and STEAP-1 protein expression across a variety of human tissue specimens was undertaken. This evaluation included Northern blot, Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis of STEAP-1 expression in a large number of normal human tissues, human prostate cancer xenografts and cell lines, and various other human cancer cell lines.

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Abstract

Described is a novel family of cell surface serpentine transmembrane antigens. Two of the proteins in this family are exclusively or predominantly expressed in the prostate, as well as in prostate cancer, and thus members of this family have been termed “STEAP” (Six Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate). Four particular human STEAPs are described and characterized herein. The human STEAPs exhibit a high degree of structural conservation among them but show no significant structural homology to any known human proteins. The prototype member of the STEAP family, STEAP-1, appears to be a type IIIa membrane protein expressed predominantly in prostate cells in normal human tissues. Structurally, STEAP-1 is a 339 amino acid protein characterized by a molecular topology of six transmembrane domains and intracellular N- and C-termini, suggesting that it folds in a “serpentine” manner into three extracellular and two intracellular loops. STEAP-1 protein expression is maintained at high levels across various stages of prostate cancer. Moreover, STEAP-1 is highly over-expressed in certain other human cancers.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10 / 856,109, filed May 28, 2004, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09 / 455,486, filed Dec. 6, 1999, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,833,438 on Dec. 21, 2004, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09 / 323,873, filed Jun. 1, 1999, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,329,503 on Dec. 11, 2001, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60 / 091,183, filed Jun. 30, 1998 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60 / 087,520, filed Jun. 1, 1998. This application relates to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10 / 408,009, filed Apr. 4, 2003, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10 / 857,785, filed May 28, 2004, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10 / 752,421, filed Jan. 5, 2004, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10 / 407,484, filed Apr. 4, 2003, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60 / 370,387, filed Apr. 5, 2002, U.S. Provisional Application...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): A61K48/00C12Q1/68G01N33/574C07H21/04C12P21/06A61K39/395A61K39/00A61K38/00C07K14/705C07K16/30
CPCA61K38/00A61K39/00A61K2039/505C07K14/705C07K14/82C07K16/30C07K16/3038C07K16/3069C07K2319/00C07K2319/30C12N2799/027G01N33/57434Y10S435/975C07K2317/34A61P35/00A61P37/04A61P43/00
Inventor AFAR, DANIEL E.HUBERT, RENE S.RAITANO, ATTHUR B.SAFFRAN, DOUGLAS C.MITCHELL, STEPHEN CHAPPELL
Owner AFAR DANIEL E
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