179 results about "Membrane permeabilization" patented technology

The invention discloses a preparation method and an application of an anti-pollution hydrophilic separating membrane. The preparation method is characterized in that a pyrocatechol derivative is used as an accelerant and a curing agent between a separating membrane material and a hydrophilic material, when blending casting film liquid of the separating membrane is prepared, the pyrocatechol derivative is added to blending liquid of the separating membrane material and the hydrophilic material, and the pyrocatechol derivative is subjected to polymerization cross-linking in a phase conversion process of the membrane preparation, so that the effect of fixing the hydrophilic material is achieved. The preparation method of the anti-pollution hydrophilic separating membrane has strong universality and is suitable for the blending of multiple hydrophilic materials and multiple membrane materials. The preparation method is simple, easy to operate, mild in conditions, economic, high-efficiency, environmentally-friendly, easy for industrialization and suitable for the preparation of multi-functional hydrophilic micro-filtration membranes, ultra-filtration membranes, nano-filtration membranes, reverse-osmosis membranes, positive-osmosis membranes, pressure-delay osmosis membranes, pervaporation membranes and the like which are used for liquid and gas separation and membrane reactors.

A method of chemically cleaning normally immersed suction driven filtering membranes involves backwashing a chemical cleaner through the membranes while the tank is empty in repeated pulses in which the chemical cleaner is pumped to the membranes separated by waiting periods in which chemical cleaner is not pumped to the membranes. The duration and frequency of the pulses is preferably chosen to provide an appropriate contact time of the chemical, preferably without allowing the membranes to dry between pulses and without using excessive amounts of chemical. In other aspects, such membranes preferably used for filtering water to produce potable water in a batch process are backwashed with a chemical cleaner substantially at the same time as the tank is being drained. The chemical cleaner is optionally supplied in pulses. In other aspects, chemical cleaner backwashes are started before the membranes foul significantly and are repeated at least once per week to reduce the rate of decline in the permeability of the membranes so that intensive recovery cleaning is required less frequently. When performed in situ, each cleaning event comprises (a) stopping permeation and any agitation of the membranes, (b) backwashing the membranes with a chemical cleaner in repeated pulses and (c) resuming agitation, if any, and permeation. The pulses last for between 10 seconds and 100 seconds and there is a time between pulses between 50 seconds and 6 minutes. Each cleaning event typically involves between 5 and 20 pulses.

The invention provides a method for preparing ketal by catalysis of an ionic liquid and dehydration of an acid-resistant molecular sieve membrane. According to the method, alcohol and ketone are used as initial raw materials, the acidic ionic liquid is used as a catalyst, water generated by reaction is removed in situ by adopting an acid-resistant molecular sieve membrane pervaporation device, and ketal with high selectivity and high yield is finally obtained. The method integrates the catalysis of the ionic liquid and the dehydration of the acid-resistant molecular sieve membrane, realizes separation while reacting, has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, high reaction selectivity, high product yield and the like; and in the method, waste acid or waste water is not discharged. Thus, the method is an environment-friendly high-efficiency new method for synthesizing ketal.

Disclosed is a method for producing high concentration tert-butyl alcohol by permeation vaporization method and products therefrom. A membrane separating method is applied to separate tert-butyl alcohol and water from tert-butyl alcohol solution, characterized in that the separation process includes the following steps: heating tert-butyl alcohol solution under 60-105íµ in a heater; placing the solution in a vacuum hood, in which a permeation membrane divides a membrane separator into upstream side and downstream side, the upstream side is a liquid phase chamber, while the downstream side is a vapor phase chamber, which connects the vacuum system, the vapor phase chamber keeps an absolute pressure of 1-50mmHg by pumping of a vacuum pump, as a result, tert-butyl alcohol and water are separated by the membrane separator, high concentration tert-butyl alcohol product is obtained in the exit of the membrane separator and water is permeated in the vapor phase chamber of the downstream side and separated from the solution under vacuum low pressure by vaporization and condensation. The invention has simple production process, low energy consumption, protects environment and reduces production costs.

Procedure for detecting the permeability state of the polymeric ion-exchange membrane of a fuel cell stack, in which, as soon as the pressure difference in the anode and cathode circuits drops to a value below a threshold value P_S, the pressure variation in said circuits for a predetermined time period t_C is measured and the pressure difference in these circuits at the end of a predetermined time period, called the control pressure P_C, is calculated and a warning is given when the control pressure P_C is below a warning threshold P_A.

The invention relates to a preparing method for a gelatin microsphere of fixed alcohol dehydrogenase by micro-porous membrane permeation and emulsification. The method comprises the following steps that solid gelatin and alcohol dehydrogenase are dissolved in deionized water, and a gelatin/alcohol dehydrogenase solution called as a water phase is prepared; oil soluble emulsifier span-80 is added into liquid paraffin, and liquid paraffin oil called as an oil phase is prepared; a micro-porous membrane is immersed into the liquid paraffin oil, according to the volume ratio of the gelatin/alcohol dehydrogenase solution and the liquid paraffin oil, the gelatin/alcohol dehydrogenase solution is pressed to penetrate through the micro-porous membrane and enter into the liquid paraffin oil, and W-shaped or O-shaped emulsion is formed by the emulsification; glutaraldehyde is added into the W-shaped or O-shaped emulsion, and after cross linking, solidifying, washing and drying are carried out, the gelatin microsphere of the fixed alcohol dehydrogenase is obtained. The preparing method for the gelatin microsphere of the fixed alcohol dehydrogenase by the micro-porous membrane permeation and emulsification has the advantages that the preparing condition is warm, the preparing technology is simple and easy to carry out, the granularity of the prepared microsphere is even, the size is controllable, the storing stability is good, the leakage rate of the alcohol dehydrogenase in the using process is low, and the anti-acid-base environment capacity is strong.

A method for membrane permeabilization of biological cells contained in a product is disclosed. According to one aspect, the method is applied in a treatment device including at least one treatment chamber emitting a pulsed electric field. According to another aspect, the method includes supplying the treatment device with a product including biological cells at a predetermined supply flow rate from a supply unit, introducing the product including the biological cells into the treatment chamber at an introduction flow rate, treating the product introduced into the chamber with a pulsed electric field, and reintroducing the treated product, at a predetermined feedback flow rate at a point that is downstream from the supply unit. According to some aspects, the introduction flow rate includes the feedback flow rate and the supply flow rate.

The invention relates to a method for recovering ethanol in analginum production, which comprises the following steps: filtering and crystallizing mother liquor obtained during an analginum condensation reaction process, distilling and concentrating; washing a concentrate through ethanol and centrifuging, then returning to a condensation reaction vessel, sending waste ethanol in a distillation column, condensing the products at top of the distillation column and then entering into an intermediate tank; evaporating an ethanol solution through distillation and recovery and then entering into a pervaporation membrane separation machine set for dehydrating, obtaining ethanol with high purity in the pervaporation membrane separation machine set, returning the ethanol as a solvent to the analginum condensation reaction process for cycle usage; connecting the pervaporation membrane separation machine set and a vacuum system, passing water and a few of ethanol in the solution through a pervaporation membrane, and then condensing penetrating fluid and then returning to the distillation column. During the recovery process, no other waste except water can be discharged, recovery rate is high, process is simple, energy utilization rate is high, and no third component is added.

The invention discloses a preparing method of a graphene-oxide-modified nanofiltration membrane. The preparing method includes the steps that the surface of one side of a porous supporting membrane issubjected to an interfacial polymerization reaction in a water-phase solution, an organic phase solution and a water-phase solution in sequence, then the membrane is aired and subjected to a heat reaction to be soaked with ultra-pure water, and the graphene-oxide-modified nanofiltration membrane is prepared. The graphene-oxide-modified nanofiltration membrane is subjected to a polymerization reaction on the interface of one side of a porous support membrane, a polymer effective functional layer can be furthest generated, and the separation effect of the nanofiltration membrane is improved; meanwhile, a preparation process is simplified, and the cost is saved; a proper amount of graphene oxide (GO) is added into the water-phase solution, the hydrophilic performance, the membrane permeationperformance and the mechanical property of the nanofiltration membrane are greatly improved, the water contact angle of the nanofiltration membrane prepared with the method is reduced by 18% to 61%,the water flux is increased by 5% to 155%, and the reject rate is also increased. The graphene-oxide-modified nanofiltration membrane is simple in technology and easy to operate, and the graphene-oxide-modified nanofiltration membrane prepared with the method is applied to enrichment and recycling of water treatment and mineral-leaching tail-water ionic rare earth.

The invention relates to a rectification-molecular sieve membrane coupling process and a rectification-molecular sieve membrane coupling device for separation of a ternary water-containing eutectic system, and discloses a novel separation device for direct coupling of a rectifying tower and a membrane component. The novel separation device comprises a tower internal component and a membrane permeation unit internal component contained in a conventional rectifying tower. For ternary water-containing system separation, a molecular sieve membrane steam permeation device and a rectifying tower areingeniously combined into a whole, separation of a ternary azeotropic system through a single rectifying tower of a simple structure is achieved, and the separation efficiency is obviously improved.

The invention relates to technology for reclaiming low-concentration formaldehyde from pesticide wastewater through ionic liquid supported liquid membrane pervaporation-distillation coupling technology. The technology comprises the following steps that: (1) a pervaporation device provided with an ionic liquid supported liquid membrane is adopted to perform pre-enrichment of low-concentration formaldehyde-containing pesticide wastewater on a transmission side; and (2) the formaldehyde wastewater subjected to pre-enrichment enters the middle part of a rectification column, a catalytic reaction is performed in a reaction section of the rectification column filled with a solid acid catalyst, the stay time is reasonably controlled in a way of outside pump circulation to allow free formaldehyde obtained by depolymerizing polymeric formaldehyde to enter a rectification section to be concentrated, high-concentration formaldehyde solution is obtained, and wastewater solution from which the formaldehyde is removed is obtained in a stripping section. Because the formaldehyde solution is subjected to pre-enrichment by the pervaporation device provided with the ionic liquid supported liquid membrane and is then separated through rectification, compared with the single rectification, the technology can greatly save energy consumption and reduce the cost. Therefore, the technology is more economic and reasonable.

The invention discloses an application of a hydrophilic Ge-ZSM-5 molecular sieve membrane to separation of an organics/water system. The alpha-Al2O3 is taken as a carrier, the hydrophilic Ge-ZSM-5 molecular sieve membrane prepared by an in-situ hydrothermal crystallization method is adopted as a separation material, and water in the organics/water system is separated through the pervaporation effect so as to obtain the organics. When the molecular sieve membrane is applied to an ethanol-water system of 343 K, 10 to 98 wt% and an acetic acid-water system of 353 K, 30 to 98 wt%, the separating factor reaches infinity, the permeation flux reaches 2.4 kg/m2.h and 0.57 kg/m2.h, both the permeation flux and the separating factor of the membrane are kept constant in the pervaporation process of 25 h, and the membrane shows excellent stability. The application is simple and easy to operate, and the hydrophilic Ge-ZSM-5 molecular sieve membrane is suitable for industrial production.

The invention provides a formate tubular hybrid membrane for arene/alkane separation, and a preparation method and application of the formate tubular hybrid membrane, and belongs to the technical field of membrane separation. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing formate particles with appropriate particle diameters by the solvothermal method; preparing a formate/polymer membrane fluid by the blending method, performing ultrasonic dispersion, and leaving to stand for defoaming; compounding a formate/polymer separating layer on the outer surface of a perforated tube ceramic membrane modified by a silane coupling agent via the negative-pressure cross-flow filtration method; performing vacuum drying of a hybrid membrane at 30-120 DEG C for 0.1-4 h to enhance the stability of the separating layer, and repeatedly filtering to prepare a multilayer membrane. The novel preparation method is low in cost and simple to operate; the prepared hybrid membrane is excellent in pervaporation and relatively high in permeation flux and has the advantage that the mechanical strength is improved to a relatively great extent.

The present disclosure relates to a module for regenerating an electrolyte capable of being used in a flow battery, and a method for regenerating an electrolyte of a flow battery using the same, and in particular, to a module for regenerating an electrolyte introducing any one of anode and cathode electrolytes each stored in anode and cathode electrolyte storage units to a counter electrolyte storage unit, and circulating any one of the anode and cathode electrolytes in a direction opposite to the direction of electrolyte introduction to uniformly mix the anode and cathode electrolytes, and as a result, capable of recovering battery capacity reduced by a membrane permeation phenomenon between the anode and cathode electrolytes when driving a flow battery for a long period of time, and a method for regenerating an electrolyte of a flow battery using the same.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-permeability thermal crosslinking membrane, and belongs to the field of membrane separation technologies and new materials. The preparation method of the high-permeability thermal crosslinking membrane includes the steps of: dissolving a polymer and a blending additive into an organic solvent to prepare a membrane casting solution; preparinga porous membrane through a phase inversion method; drying the porous membrane and performing thermal crosslinking to prepare the high-permeability thermal crosslinking membrane, wherein the blendingadditive is one or a mixture of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl acetate, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene. The blending additive added in the method not only can play a role in pore forming in the phase inversion process, but also can be decomposed in the thermal cross-linking process to form a new pore structure, so that the loss of membrane permeability caused by fusion and shrinkage of the pore structure in the thermal cross-linking process is compensated, and the permeability of the thermal cross-linking membrane is improved.

The invention relates to a modification method capable of improving permeation flux of polyamide composite membranes. The method uses 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and sultone to successfully introduce amphoteric molecules to the surface and pore walls of a polyamide composite membrane, and uses the stronger hydrophilicity of the amphoteric molecules to improve the separation performance of the composite membrane. The method has the following advantages: (1) the modification method is simple to operate, does not need to synthesize a specific monomer, and does notsacrifice the retention performance of the original composite membrane; and (2) the method has a wide application range, easily realizes large-scale production, and can effectively improve the permeation flux of the polyamide composite membranes such as reverse osmosis membranes, forward osmosis membranes and nanofiltration membranes.

The invention relates to a membrane permeation electrode for an electrochemical process, in particular to the membrane permeation electrode which is provided with a selective permeation membrane layer and comprises one or more layers of conductive porous permeable medium materials, wherein the one or more layers of materials have catalytic reactivity participating in the electrochemical process. Under the conditions of controlling the pore diameter distribution and the characteristics of materials on the surface of a pore channel, the membrane permeation electrode provided by the invention can achieve the selective bidirectional penetration of a goal object. According to the membrane permeation electrode in the application, the stable and high-efficiency catalytic active surface can be maintained and the efficiency of the electrochemical process from mass transfer, heat transfer and reaction can be improved. The membrane permeation electrode provided by the invention can be used for the electrochemical process in the fields of chemical engineering, environmental protection, medical treatment and public health and the like and is especially suitable for the electrochemical process generating a heterogeneous reaction.

The invention discloses a cathode oxygen reduction ozone generator and a using method thereof. The cathode oxygen reduction ozone generator comprises a proton exchange membrane for transferring H < +>, an anode region is arranged on one side of the proton exchange membrane; a cathode region is arranged on the other side of the proton exchange membrane; the anode region comprises an anode membranepermeation electrode and a first electrolytic tank shell provided with an ozone output port and a water inlet hole; and the cathode region comprises an oxygen reduction cathode membrane permeation electrode and a second electrolytic tank shell provided with an oxygen input port and a drain hole, and oxygen is conveyed to the oxygen input port through an inflator to react with H < + > to form water so that hydrogen is prevented from being generated, and potential safety hazards in actual use are eliminated.

The invention relates to a method for synchronously improving the flux and the anti-pollution performance of a polyamide reverse osmosis composite membrane. The method comprises the steps that first,1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride is used for activating carboxyl group on the surface of the polyamide reverse osmosis composite membrane to react with primary amine, secondary amine or hydroxyl group to introduce a tertiary amine group; then the tertiary amine group reacts with sultone on the surface of the membrane to achieve the purpose of introducing amphoteric molecules in the form of chemical bonds; on the other hand, due to the protection of a water molecular layer, the condition that membrane fouling is caused due to the fact pollutants in feed liquid are deposited on the membrane surface is avoided; and in addition, the method is post-processing and does not affect the overall consistency of a polyamide separation layer so as to simultaneously improve the permeability and the anti-pollution performance of a commercial polyamide reverse osmosis composite membrane without sacrificing the retention performance of the polyamide reverse osmosis compositemembrane, and good application prospects are achieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of membrane separation, and in particular, relates to a preparation method of a reinforced Pebax mixed matrix membrane. According to the preparation method of the reinforced Pebax mixed matrix membrane, a metal-organic framework (MOF) material is doped into a Pebax-1657 matrix to prepare the mixed matrix membrane, the restrictive effect between permeability and selectivity of the Pebax membrane is improved, and the CO2 permeability coefficient and CO2/N2 selectivity are greatly improved.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a graphene oxide water treatment membrane capable of generating surface nanobubbles in situ. The preparation method comprises the following steps of growing a polymer nano array on the surface of graphene oxide in situ by adopting an oxidative polymerization method to prepare a compound, dispersing the compound in a solvent to obtain dispersion liquid, and carrying out vacuum filtration on the surface of the microfiltration membrane to form a membrane, carrying out heat treatment, enabling the hydrophobic polymer nano array to shrink from swelling, and enabling the nanosheets to generate wrinkles by virtue of strong cohesion, so as to obtain the graphene oxide water treatment membrane capable of generating surface nanobubbles in situ. The membrane is prepared by adopting vacuum filtration and heat treatment methods, and the process is simple; the membrane is immersed in water, gas in the water can be enriched on the surface of the membrane to form surface nanobubbles by the hydrophobic region, the stable existence of the surface nanobubbles can be maintained by the hydrophilic region and the geometric fold structure, the physical and chemical characteristics of the wall surface of a membrane pore channel are changed by the generation of the surface nanobubbles, and a solid-liquid interface part is converted into a low-friction gas-liquid interface; the fluid flow resistance is obviously reduced, and the membrane permeability is effectively improved.