193 results about "Membrane permeabilization" patented technology

The invention features methods for separating cells from a sample (e.g., separating fetal red blood cells from maternal method begins with the introduction of a sample including cells into one or more microfluidic channels. In one embodiment, the device includes at least two processing steps. For example, a mixture of cells is introduced into a microfluidic channel that selectively allows the passage of a desired type of cell, and the population of cells enriched in the desired type is then introduced into a second microfluidic channel that allows the passage of the desired cell to produce a population of cells further enriched in the desired type. The selection of cells is based on a property of the cells in the mixture, for example, size, shape, deformability, surface characteristics (e.g., cell surface receptors or antigens and membrane permeability), or intracellular properties (e.g., expression of a particular enzyme).

Disclosed herein are membranes comprising a substrate, a support layer, and a selective layer. In some embodiments the membrane may further comprise a permeable layer. Methods of forming membranes are also disclosed comprising forming a support layer on a substrate, removing adsorbed species from the support layer, preparing a solution containing inorganic materials of a selective layer, contacting the support layer with the solution, drying the membrane, and exposing the membrane to rapid thermal processing. Also disclosed are methods of fluid purification comprising providing a membrane having a feed side and a permeable side, passing a fluid mixture across the feed side of the membrane, providing a driving force for transmembrane permeation, removing from the permeate side a permeate stream enriched in a purified fluid, and withdrawing from the feed side a fluid that is depleted in a purified fluid.

Methods, compositions, and apparatus for localized delivery of compounds are provided. In certain embodiments, acoustic streaming force is used to direct carrier particles to a target site, mediate particle internalization, and release associate compounds. Ultrasound radiation is preferred as the source for the acoustic streaming force. Also encompassed are embodiments in which targeting and membrane permeability enhancement are combined with imaging of the treatment site.

The invention discloses a preparation method and an application of an anti-pollution hydrophilic separating membrane. The preparation method is characterized in that a pyrocatechol derivative is used as an accelerant and a curing agent between a separating membrane material and a hydrophilic material, when blending casting film liquid of the separating membrane is prepared, the pyrocatechol derivative is added to blending liquid of the separating membrane material and the hydrophilic material, and the pyrocatechol derivative is subjected to polymerization cross-linking in a phase conversion process of the membrane preparation, so that the effect of fixing the hydrophilic material is achieved. The preparation method of the anti-pollution hydrophilic separating membrane has strong universality and is suitable for the blending of multiple hydrophilic materials and multiple membrane materials. The preparation method is simple, easy to operate, mild in conditions, economic, high-efficiency, environmentally-friendly, easy for industrialization and suitable for the preparation of multi-functional hydrophilic micro-filtration membranes, ultra-filtration membranes, nano-filtration membranes, reverse-osmosis membranes, positive-osmosis membranes, pressure-delay osmosis membranes, pervaporation membranes and the like which are used for liquid and gas separation and membrane reactors.

A composite semipermeable membrane which satisfies the following relationship when seawater at 25° C. having a pH of 6.5, a boron concentration of 5 ppm and a TDS concentration of 3.5% by weight is permeated under an operation pressure of 5.5 MPa: Boron removal ratio (%)≧95−4×membrane permeation flow rate (m3 / m2·day).

A method of chemically cleaning normally immersed suction driven filtering membranes involves backwashing a chemical cleaner through the membranes while the tank is empty in repeated pulses in which the chemical cleaner is pumped to the membranes separated by waiting periods in which chemical cleaner is not pumped to the membranes. The duration and frequency of the pulses is preferably chosen to provide an appropriate contact time of the chemical, preferably without allowing the membranes to dry between pulses and without using excessive amounts of chemical. In other aspects, such membranes preferably used for filtering water to produce potable water in a batch process are backwashed with a chemical cleaner substantially at the same time as the tank is being drained. The chemical cleaner is optionally supplied in pulses. In other aspects, chemical cleaner backwashes are started before the membranes foul significantly and are repeated at least once per week to reduce the rate of decline in the permeability of the membranes so that intensive recovery cleaning is required less frequently. When performed in situ, each cleaning event comprises (a) stopping permeation and any agitation of the membranes, (b) backwashing the membranes with a chemical cleaner in repeated pulses and (c) resuming agitation, if any, and permeation. The pulses last for between 10 seconds and 100 seconds and there is a time between pulses between 50 seconds and 6 minutes. Each cleaning event typically involves between 5 and 20 pulses.

A process for treating produced water in heavy oil production comprises, providing an oil / water mixture gathered from an oil / water collection well, whereby oil from said oil / water mixture is separated to provide an oil product and a produced water product containing oil, dissolved gases and dissolved solutes. Said produced water product is then deoiled, and the deoiled water subsequently passes though a membrane system, resulting in permeate water and reject. The resulting permeate water is sent on to a boiler system for production of steam, and the reject is introduced into an evaporator to result in distillate water and blow down. Thereafter, the blow down may be charged into zero liquid discharge treatment; and the distillate water added to the membrane permeate.

The invention provides a method for preparing ketal by catalysis of an ionic liquid and dehydration of an acid-resistant molecular sieve membrane. According to the method, alcohol and ketone are used as initial raw materials, the acidic ionic liquid is used as a catalyst, water generated by reaction is removed in situ by adopting an acid-resistant molecular sieve membrane pervaporation device, and ketal with high selectivity and high yield is finally obtained. The method integrates the catalysis of the ionic liquid and the dehydration of the acid-resistant molecular sieve membrane, realizes separation while reacting, has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, high reaction selectivity, high product yield and the like; and in the method, waste acid or waste water is not discharged. Thus, the method is an environment-friendly high-efficiency new method for synthesizing ketal.

The invention relates to a method for membrane permeation of a gas flow including methane and carbon dioxide, wherein said gas flow is cooled to a temperature of 0° C. to −60° C. before being fed into a membrane separation unit.

Disclosed is a method for producing high concentration tert-butyl alcohol by permeation vaporization method and products therefrom. A membrane separating method is applied to separate tert-butyl alcohol and water from tert-butyl alcohol solution, characterized in that the separation process includes the following steps: heating tert-butyl alcohol solution under 60-105íµ in a heater; placing the solution in a vacuum hood, in which a permeation membrane divides a membrane separator into upstream side and downstream side, the upstream side is a liquid phase chamber, while the downstream side is a vapor phase chamber, which connects the vacuum system, the vapor phase chamber keeps an absolute pressure of 1-50mmHg by pumping of a vacuum pump, as a result, tert-butyl alcohol and water are separated by the membrane separator, high concentration tert-butyl alcohol product is obtained in the exit of the membrane separator and water is permeated in the vapor phase chamber of the downstream side and separated from the solution under vacuum low pressure by vaporization and condensation. The invention has simple production process, low energy consumption, protects environment and reduces production costs.

A method of cleaning ultrafiltration or microfiltration membranes reduces the rate of decline in the permeability of the membranes so that intensive recovery cleaning is required less frequently. In one aspect, cleaning events using a chemical cleaner are started before the membranes foul significantly and are repeated between 1 and 7 times per week. The product of the concentration of the chemical cleaner expressed as an equivalent concentration of NaOCl and the duration of all cleaning events is between 2,000 minutes·mg / l and 30,000 minutes·mg / l per week. When performed in situ, each cleaning event comprises (a) stopping permeation and any agitation of the membranes, (b) backwashing the membranes with a chemical cleaner in repeated pulses and (c) resuming agitation, if any, and permeation. The pulses last for between 10 seconds and 100 seconds and there is a time between pulses between 50 seconds and 6 minutes. Each cleaning event typically involves between 5 and 20 pulses. In another aspect, cleaning events using a pulsed backwash of heated water are similarly started before the membranes foul significantly and are repeated between twice a day and once every two days.

Procedure for detecting the permeability state of the polymeric ion-exchange membrane of a fuel cell stack, in which, as soon as the pressure difference in the anode and cathode circuits drops to a value below a threshold value PS, the pressure variation in said circuits for a predetermined time period tC is measured and the pressure difference in these circuits at the end of a predetermined time period, called the control pressure PC, is calculated and a warning is given when the control pressure PC is below a warning threshold PA.

A cell-penetrating peptide of (A) to (D) below gives cell membrane permeability and transmucosal absorbability to a physiologically active substance:(A) a peptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1;(B) a peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:1 except that one or several basic amino acids are changed;(C) a peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:1 except that 1 to 5 amino acids are changed;(D) a peptide having: the reverse sequence of any of (A) to (C); an amino acid sequence which is the same as the reverse sequence of (A) except that one or several basic amino acids are changed; or an amino acid sequence which is the same as the reverse sequence of (A) except that 1 to 5 amino acids are changed.

Provided is a facilitated CO2 transport membrane having improved CO2 permeance and improved CO2 selective permeability. The facilitated CO2 transport membrane includes a separation-functional membrane comprising a hydrophilic polymer gel membrane which contains a CO2 carrier and a CO2 hydration catalyst, wherein the hydrophilic polymer is a copolymer including a first structural unit derived from an acrylic acid cesium salt or an acrylic acid rubidium salt and a second structural unit derived from vinyl alcohol. More preferably, the CO2 hydration catalyst has catalytic activity at a temperature of 100° C. or higher.

A composite semipermeable membrane which satisfies the following relationship when seawater at 25° C. having a pH of 6.5, a boron concentration of 5 ppm and a TDS concentration of 3.5% by weight is permeated under an operation pressure of 5.5 MPa: Boron removal ratio (%)>=95-4xmembrane permeation flow rate (m<3> / m<2>.day).

The invention discloses a preparation method of a PAN-based oil-water separation microporous membrane with a photocatalysis function. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, introducing shell-layer SiO2 nanoparticles onto the outer surface of TiO2 by adopting a sol-gel method to realize coating of nanometer TiO2 with a photocatalysis function so as to obtain a SiO2@TiO2 additive, thereby isolating direct contact between a base membrane and photocatalysis particles and laying a foundation for migration of the photocatalysis particles to the surface of the membrane in thenext step; then blending SiO2@TiO2 and P(AN-MA) to prepare a membrane casting solution; curing the membrane casting solution containing the SiO2@TiO2 additive by using a TIPS method so as to form a membrane; then, subjecting the cured membrane to a hydrolysis reaction so as to convert cyano groups on the surface of the membrane into hydrophilic carboxyl groups; and dissolving the additive shell-layer SiO2, and allowing TiO2 in the additive to break away from constraint and migrate to the surface of the membrane so as to achieve the purpose of efficiently utilizing the photocatalysis particleswithout damaging the original performance of the base membrane, thereby obtaining the PAN-based microporous membrane with an oil-water separation function and photocatalytic degradation performance. The method has the advantages of simple process, high efficiency, no pollution and no influence on the permeability of the base membrane.

The invention relates to a preparing method for a gelatin microsphere of fixed alcohol dehydrogenase by micro-porous membrane permeation and emulsification. The method comprises the following steps that solid gelatin and alcohol dehydrogenase are dissolved in deionized water, and a gelatin / alcohol dehydrogenase solution called as a water phase is prepared; oil soluble emulsifier span-80 is added into liquid paraffin, and liquid paraffin oil called as an oil phase is prepared; a micro-porous membrane is immersed into the liquid paraffin oil, according to the volume ratio of the gelatin / alcohol dehydrogenase solution and the liquid paraffin oil, the gelatin / alcohol dehydrogenase solution is pressed to penetrate through the micro-porous membrane and enter into the liquid paraffin oil, and W-shaped or O-shaped emulsion is formed by the emulsification; glutaraldehyde is added into the W-shaped or O-shaped emulsion, and after cross linking, solidifying, washing and drying are carried out, the gelatin microsphere of the fixed alcohol dehydrogenase is obtained. The preparing method for the gelatin microsphere of the fixed alcohol dehydrogenase by the micro-porous membrane permeation and emulsification has the advantages that the preparing condition is warm, the preparing technology is simple and easy to carry out, the granularity of the prepared microsphere is even, the size is controllable, the storing stability is good, the leakage rate of the alcohol dehydrogenase in the using process is low, and the anti-acid-base environment capacity is strong.

The invention relates to a method for recovering ethanol in analginum production, which comprises the following steps: filtering and crystallizing mother liquor obtained during an analginum condensation reaction process, distilling and concentrating; washing a concentrate through ethanol and centrifuging, then returning to a condensation reaction vessel, sending waste ethanol in a distillation column, condensing the products at top of the distillation column and then entering into an intermediate tank; evaporating an ethanol solution through distillation and recovery and then entering into a pervaporation membrane separation machine set for dehydrating, obtaining ethanol with high purity in the pervaporation membrane separation machine set, returning the ethanol as a solvent to the analginum condensation reaction process for cycle usage; connecting the pervaporation membrane separation machine set and a vacuum system, passing water and a few of ethanol in the solution through a pervaporation membrane, and then condensing penetrating fluid and then returning to the distillation column. During the recovery process, no other waste except water can be discharged, recovery rate is high, process is simple, energy utilization rate is high, and no third component is added.

The invention discloses a preparing method of a graphene-oxide-modified nanofiltration membrane. The preparing method includes the steps that the surface of one side of a porous supporting membrane issubjected to an interfacial polymerization reaction in a water-phase solution, an organic phase solution and a water-phase solution in sequence, then the membrane is aired and subjected to a heat reaction to be soaked with ultra-pure water, and the graphene-oxide-modified nanofiltration membrane is prepared. The graphene-oxide-modified nanofiltration membrane is subjected to a polymerization reaction on the interface of one side of a porous support membrane, a polymer effective functional layer can be furthest generated, and the separation effect of the nanofiltration membrane is improved; meanwhile, a preparation process is simplified, and the cost is saved; a proper amount of graphene oxide (GO) is added into the water-phase solution, the hydrophilic performance, the membrane permeationperformance and the mechanical property of the nanofiltration membrane are greatly improved, the water contact angle of the nanofiltration membrane prepared with the method is reduced by 18% to 61%,the water flux is increased by 5% to 155%, and the reject rate is also increased. The graphene-oxide-modified nanofiltration membrane is simple in technology and easy to operate, and the graphene-oxide-modified nanofiltration membrane prepared with the method is applied to enrichment and recycling of water treatment and mineral-leaching tail-water ionic rare earth.

The invention relates to a rectification-molecular sieve membrane coupling process and a rectification-molecular sieve membrane coupling device for separation of a ternary water-containing eutectic system, and discloses a novel separation device for direct coupling of a rectifying tower and a membrane component. The novel separation device comprises a tower internal component and a membrane permeation unit internal component contained in a conventional rectifying tower. For ternary water-containing system separation, a molecular sieve membrane steam permeation device and a rectifying tower areingeniously combined into a whole, separation of a ternary azeotropic system through a single rectifying tower of a simple structure is achieved, and the separation efficiency is obviously improved.

The invention relates to technology for reclaiming low-concentration formaldehyde from pesticide wastewater through ionic liquid supported liquid membrane pervaporation-distillation coupling technology. The technology comprises the following steps that: (1) a pervaporation device provided with an ionic liquid supported liquid membrane is adopted to perform pre-enrichment of low-concentration formaldehyde-containing pesticide wastewater on a transmission side; and (2) the formaldehyde wastewater subjected to pre-enrichment enters the middle part of a rectification column, a catalytic reaction is performed in a reaction section of the rectification column filled with a solid acid catalyst, the stay time is reasonably controlled in a way of outside pump circulation to allow free formaldehyde obtained by depolymerizing polymeric formaldehyde to enter a rectification section to be concentrated, high-concentration formaldehyde solution is obtained, and wastewater solution from which the formaldehyde is removed is obtained in a stripping section. Because the formaldehyde solution is subjected to pre-enrichment by the pervaporation device provided with the ionic liquid supported liquid membrane and is then separated through rectification, compared with the single rectification, the technology can greatly save energy consumption and reduce the cost. Therefore, the technology is more economic and reasonable.

A membrane permeation system and process accommodates varying acid gas inlet concentrations over time while utilizing only the initially installed equipment and still maintaining the non-permeate gas specification. The system and process provide flexibility to operate efficiently over a wide range of inlet CO2 concentrations by adjustments to primary permeate, secondary permeate, and recycle gas operations. The glassy polymer membrane devices used in the system and process are selected so removal duty efficiency increases as acid gas concentration increase. Designing the system and process to handle about a 15% increase in acid gas concentrations over initial conditions effectively treats acid gas concentrations well above that 15% increase, thereby eliminating the need for additional equipment or for additional downstream amines and physical solvents.

The invention discloses an application of a hydrophilic Ge-ZSM-5 molecular sieve membrane to separation of an organics / water system. The alpha-Al2O3 is taken as a carrier, the hydrophilic Ge-ZSM-5 molecular sieve membrane prepared by an in-situ hydrothermal crystallization method is adopted as a separation material, and water in the organics / water system is separated through the pervaporation effect so as to obtain the organics. When the molecular sieve membrane is applied to an ethanol-water system of 343 K, 10 to 98 wt% and an acetic acid-water system of 353 K, 30 to 98 wt%, the separating factor reaches infinity, the permeation flux reaches 2.4 kg / m2.h and 0.57 kg / m2.h, both the permeation flux and the separating factor of the membrane are kept constant in the pervaporation process of 25 h, and the membrane shows excellent stability. The application is simple and easy to operate, and the hydrophilic Ge-ZSM-5 molecular sieve membrane is suitable for industrial production.

The invention provides a formate tubular hybrid membrane for arene / alkane separation, and a preparation method and application of the formate tubular hybrid membrane, and belongs to the technical field of membrane separation. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing formate particles with appropriate particle diameters by the solvothermal method; preparing a formate / polymer membrane fluid by the blending method, performing ultrasonic dispersion, and leaving to stand for defoaming; compounding a formate / polymer separating layer on the outer surface of a perforated tube ceramic membrane modified by a silane coupling agent via the negative-pressure cross-flow filtration method; performing vacuum drying of a hybrid membrane at 30-120 DEG C for 0.1-4 h to enhance the stability of the separating layer, and repeatedly filtering to prepare a multilayer membrane. The novel preparation method is low in cost and simple to operate; the prepared hybrid membrane is excellent in pervaporation and relatively high in permeation flux and has the advantage that the mechanical strength is improved to a relatively great extent.

The invention discloses a continuous overflowing type membrane filtering device and method. By a multi-stage booster pump, segmented pressurization can be effectively carried out on a multi-segment membrane filtration module; the membrane element of each filtering module has proper membrane permeation pressure, the membrane retentate concentrated solution of each filtering module continuously enters the next section of filtering module connected in series until being finally discharged out of the membrane device, the membrane retentate concentrated solution does not circularly flow back any more, and the retentate does not circularly accumulate to pollute the membrane element, so that higher membrane filtering efficiency is obtained. Through bypass arrangement, a working module can be skipped, flexible selection can be achieved according to actual production requirements, and the practicability is high. The booster pump is matched with parameters of pressure monitoring instruments andflow monitoring instruments at all sections to adjust the pressure and the flow and is in linkage adjustment with an electric adjusting valve, pressurization can be accurately carried out, and the continuous overflowing type membrane filtering device is high in safety and stability and has important value in the fields of liquid solute membrane filtration and liquid solute membrane concentration.

The present disclosure relates to a module for regenerating an electrolyte capable of being used in a flow battery, and a method for regenerating an electrolyte of a flow battery using the same, and in particular, to a module for regenerating an electrolyte introducing any one of anode and cathode electrolytes each stored in anode and cathode electrolyte storage units to a counter electrolyte storage unit, and circulating any one of the anode and cathode electrolytes in a direction opposite to the direction of electrolyte introduction to uniformly mix the anode and cathode electrolytes, and as a result, capable of recovering battery capacity reduced by a membrane permeation phenomenon between the anode and cathode electrolytes when driving a flow battery for a long period of time, and a method for regenerating an electrolyte of a flow battery using the same.

The invention relates to a modification method capable of improving permeation flux of polyamide composite membranes. The method uses 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and sultone to successfully introduce amphoteric molecules to the surface and pore walls of a polyamide composite membrane, and uses the stronger hydrophilicity of the amphoteric molecules to improve the separation performance of the composite membrane. The method has the following advantages: (1) the modification method is simple to operate, does not need to synthesize a specific monomer, and does notsacrifice the retention performance of the original composite membrane; and (2) the method has a wide application range, easily realizes large-scale production, and can effectively improve the permeation flux of the polyamide composite membranes such as reverse osmosis membranes, forward osmosis membranes and nanofiltration membranes.