Nanoparticle treated medical devices

Abstract

Various compositions, methods, and devices are provided that use fluorescent nanoparticles, which can function as markers, indicators, and light sources. The fluorescent nanoparticles can be formed from a fluorophore core surrounded by a biocompatible shell, such as a silica shell. In one embodiment, the fluorescent nanoparticles can be delivered to tissue to mark the tissue, enable identification and location of the tissue, and/or illuminate an area surrounding the tissue. In another embodiment, the fluorescent nanoparticles can be used on a device or implant to locate the device or implant in the body, indicate an orientation of the device or implant, and/or illuminate an area surrounding the device or implant. The fluorescent nanoparticles can also be used to provide a therapeutic effect.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 911,546 filed on Apr. 13, 2007 and entitled “Fluorescent Nanoparticle Compositions, Methods, and Devices,” which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0002]The present invention relates to fluorescent nanoparticles, and in particular to various compositions, methods, and devices that use fluorescent nanoparticles.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0003]Illuminating light incident on tissue is transmitted through, scattered by, absorbed, or reflected by that tissue. At certain wavelengths, after absorbing the illuminating light, tissue can re-emit light energy at a different wavelength (autofluorescence). If a substance is introduced into the tissue or is present between tissue layers, or in lumens, it can fluoresce after absorbing incident light as well. Detecting devices can be placed in relationship to the tissue to image light t...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Many anatomical spaces and tissues, however, are not easily accessible and viewable.

Moreover, the use of imaging equipment can be expensive and time consuming, and their application is often limited.

Despite many successful applications, conventional optical labels have many drawbacks.

For example, conventional optical labels are generally toxic to living cells and tissues comprised of living cells.

Additionally, conventional optical labels such as fluorescent dyes generally suffer from short-lived fluorescence because the dyes undergo photo bleaching after minutes of exposure to an excitation light source.

This renders them unsuitable for optical imaging that requires extended time period of monitoring.

Moreover, conventional optical labels are sensitive to environmental changes such as pH and oxygen concentration.

Another drawback of conventional optical labels is that typically the excitation spectra of such labels are quite narrow, while the emission spectra of such labels is relatively broad, resulting in overlapping emission spectra.

Additionally, fluorescent labels are generally inefficient at converting the excitation light to the emission wavelength, and the resulting signal can be very weak.

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