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Aviation-grade kerosene from independently produced blendstocks

Inactive Publication Date: 2009-01-01
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL RES CENT FOUNDATIO
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0019]In some embodiments, the kerosene comprises about 70 vol. % first blendstock produced via catalytic processing of triglyceride an

Problems solved by technology

Concern has arisen regarding the reliability and availability of the petroleum supply.
These processes have not adequately produced aviation-grade kerosene that complies with today's jet fuel specifications.
The failure of obtaining suitable aviation-grade kerosenes from non-petroleum feedstocks has triggered development in downstream processing of the products.
Although many physical properties for aviation-grade kerosene can be matched and even outperformed, the fuels derived by hydroprocessing and additional upgrading as described above do not provide drop-in compatibility with conventional petroleum-derived aviation-grade kerosene, as they lack some of the major hydrocarbon constituents of typical petroleum-derived kerosene.
However, this method of reducing the fuel to a mere six-compound blend does not reproduce all required performance specifications of JP-8.
While this may produce some required characteristics from certain petroleum feedstocks, such as seal swell and density, this approach reduces the ability to achieve competing characteristics, such as freeze point specifications.

Method used

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  • Aviation-grade kerosene from independently produced blendstocks
  • Aviation-grade kerosene from independently produced blendstocks
  • Aviation-grade kerosene from independently produced blendstocks

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

Fuel Sample A

[0061]A FT fuel produced from natural gas containing iso-paraffinic and normal paraffin hydrocarbons did not comply with density requirement of the JP-8 military specification (MIL-DTL-83133E). In this example, a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbon fluid containing aromatic hydrocarbons ranging in carbon chain length from 8-16, was blended to a concentration of 23% by weight with the FT fuel. A summary of results from Fuel Sample A compared to specification requirements outlined in MIL-DTL-83133E is provided in Table 4.

TABLE 4Results from Jet Fuel Specification Tests of Fuel Sample A ComprisingBlend of Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Fischer-Tropsch Derived FuelSpecification TestSample AMilitary SpecAcid Number, mg KOH / gm0.0030.015 maxAromatics, vol %19.425 vol % maxOlefins, vol %0.05 vol % maxSulfur, mass %0.00.30 maxHeat of Combustion, Btu / lb1850018400Distillation:10% recovered, ° C.172205 maxEndpoint, ° C.274300 maxResidue, vol %1.41.5 maxLoss, vol %0.41.5 maxFlash Point, ° C.4...

example 2

Fuel Sample B

[0063]The same FT fuel as used in Example 1 was blended at 82% wt. with 8% wt. of a mixed aromatic fluid and 10% wt. cycloparaffinic fluid. A summary of Fuel Sample B results from key specification parameters is provided in Table 5.

TABLE 5Results for Key Jet Fuel Specification Tests of Fuel Sample BComprising Blend of Aromatic and Cycloparaffin Hydrocarbonswith Fischer-Tropsch Derived FuelFreezeSpecificPoint,FlashHHV,Gravity° C.Point, ° C.MJ / kgMil Spec0.775-0.84−47>38C.>42.8Specificationvalue is a lowerheating valueSample B0.779−61.44846.1Lab analysisFT Fuel0.755−56.74846.6Lab analysis

[0064]As seen in the results in Table 5, the resulting fuel Sample B possessed a MIL-DTL-83133E specification compliant fuel with a density of 0.779 g / ml.

example 3

Fuel Sample C

[0065]Two hydrocarbon blendstocks, one consisting of normal- and iso-paraffinic hydrocarbon and the second consisting a mixture of aromatic and cycloparaffinic hydrocarbon, were produced exclusively from crop oil and blended to achieve a fuel sample complying with the requirements of MIL-DTL-83133E. In this example, neither fuel blendstock possessed, on its own, the physical characteristics required by the specification; however, through blending at a ratio of 44% normal and iso-paraffinic blendstock, and 66% aromatic and cycloparaffinic blendstock, the resulting fuel achieved the necessary characteristics. A summary of results from Fuel Sample C compared to specification parameters outlined in MIL-DTL-83133E is provided in Table 6. Data from gas chromatography of Sample C and a typical JP-8 fuel is provided in FIG. 5.

TABLE 6Results from Jet Fuel Specification Tests of Fuel Sample C Comprising aBlend of Two Discrete Hydrocarbon Blendstocks Produced from Crop OilSpecific...

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Abstract

Aviation-grade kerosene comprising a first blendstock derived from non-petroleum feedstock and comprising primarily hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of isoparaffins and normal paraffins, and a second blendstock comprising primarily hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of cycloalkanes and aromatics.A method for the production of aviation-grade kerosene comprising producing a first blendstock from at least one non-petroleum feedstock, the first blendstock comprising primarily hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of isoparaffins and normal paraffins; producing a second blendstock comprising primarily hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of cycloalkanes and aromatics; and blending at least a portion of the first blendstock with at least a portion of the second blendstock to produce aviation-grade kerosene.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 947,126 entitled “Aviation-Grade Kerosene From Independently Produced Blendstocks,” filed Jun. 29, 2007, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT[0002]This invention was made with government support under contract W911NF-07-C-0046 awarded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). The government has certain rights in the invention.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONFIELD OF THE INVENTION [0003]The present invention relates generally to aviation-grade high-cetane kerosene fuel. More particularly, herein disclosed is an aviation-grade kerosene fuel produced in part or fully from non-petroleum feedstocks. Specifically, the disclosed kerosene fuel comprises at least two independently produced blendstocks, with the first blendstock comprising pr...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): C10L1/18
CPCC10G2/32C10L1/04C10G2300/1011C10G2400/08C10G2300/1022C10G2300/1025C10G2300/1014Y02P30/20
Inventor AULICH, TED R.TIMPE, RON C.WOCKEN, CHAD A.HEIDE, CARSTEN
Owner ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL RES CENT FOUNDATIO
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