On-demand hydrogen gas generation device having gas management system

Abstract

The present disclosure generally relates to an on-demand hydrogen gas generation device, suitable for use in a fuel cell, which utilizes water electrolysis, and more particularly galvanic cell corrosion, and / or a chemical hydride reaction, to produce hydrogen gas. The present disclosure additionally relates to such a device that comprises a switching mechanism that has an electrical current passing therethrough and that repeatedly and reversibly moves between a first position and a second position when exposed to pressure differential resulting from hydrogen gas generation, in order to (1) alter the rate at which hydrogen gas is generated, such that hydrogen gas is generated on an as-needed basis for a fuel cell connected thereto, and / or (2) ensure a substantially constant flow of hydrogen gas is released therefrom. The present disclosure additionally or alternatively relates to such an on-demand hydrogen gas generation device that comprises a gas management system designed to maximize the release or evolution of hydrogen gas, and in particular dry hydrogen gas, therefrom once it has been formed, thus maximizing hydrogen gas output. The present disclosure is still further directed to a fuel cell comprising such an on-demand hydrogen gas generation device, and in particular a fuel cell designed for small-scale applications.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This patent application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application 60 / 951,618 filed on Jul. 24, 2007, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE[0002]The present disclosure generally relates to an on-demand hydrogen gas generation device, suitable for use with a fuel cell, which utilizes electrolysis, and more particularly galvanic corrosion of one or more metals or metal alloys, and / or a chemical hydride reaction, to produce hydrogen gas. The present disclosure additionally relates to such a device that comprises a switching mechanism that has an electrical current passing therethrough, and that rapidly and repeatedly (or reversibly) moves between a first position and a second position when exposed to a pressure differential resulting from hydrogen gas generation, in order to alter the rate at which hydrogen gas is generated, such that hydrogen gas is generated on an as needed ...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0009]Briefly, therefore, the present disclosure is directed to an on-demand hydrogen gas generation device that comprises: (a) a cell comprising a means for generating an average flow of hydrogen gas of at least about 0.1 cubic centimeter / minute / cubic centimeter of fuel volume for a period of time of at least about 1 hour; and, (b) a switching mechanism in communication with the cell comprising the hydrogen gas generation means, the switching mechanism regulating the generation of hydrogen gas therein, the switching mechanism comprising a moveable member that is operable to repeatedly and reversibly move between a first position and a second position in response to a pressure differential created by said cell of less than 30 psig, wherein (1) in the first position an electrical current passes through the switching mechanism which enables the generation of hydrogen gas from said cell, and (2) in the second position resistance in the switching mechanism to the electrical current passing therethrough increases to reduce the rate of hydrogen gas generation from said cell.

Problems solved by technology

The generation and storage of hydrogen however, has significant challenges, in that it must be economically viable and safe to store and transport, in order to make it a useful alternative to traditional fuels.

Additionally, thicker / bulkier components such as a portable pressure tank, and high pressure plumbing leading to the fuel cell, may be required to contain hydrogen that is much above atmospheric pressure.

These components take up space that could otherwise be used for the fuel cell, and more particularly the hydrogen fuel itself.

Furthermore, stored high pressure hydrogen is potentially unsafe (particularly for air transportation), while a hydrogen generator that only produces hydrogen when the fuel cell is in operation minimizes the amount of stored hydrogen, making it intrinsically safer.

The size and weight restrictions for portable applications tend to limit the design options to “passive” systems (both fuel cell and fuel generator), which are systems that do not require pumps, flow meters, pressure regulators, etc. that are generally acceptable in stationary applications.

Such an approach may not be preferred in some applications or uses, however, because it requires a large and heavy or bulky external hydrogen source to be available for recharging the fuel cell.

Additionally, the carrying around or transport of a device which includes a container of pressurized hydrogen gas creates undesirable safety concerns.

However, such an approach may also not be preferred in some applications or uses for a number of reasons, including the fact that it requires the user to carry or transport a device that includes a container of a flammable liquid.

The direct electrolysis of water using electrical energy generally requires expensive catalysts as well as a source of electrical energy.

Furthermore, in addition to proper selection of the means by which hydrogen gas is generated (i.e., selection of a source which provides maximum hydrogen generation per unit volume), a challenge exists to efficiently maximize the transport or evolution of the hydrogen gas, once generated, out of the generator and into the fuel cell for consumption, in order to maximize energy output.

Since the hydrogen generator device is in communication with the fuel cell and the plumbing leading up to the fuel cell, this carry-over of corrosive liquid is highly undesirable.

Additionally, any loss of liquid from the generator device results in less available liquid for hydrogen generation, which is also highly undesirable.

Any additional incoming moisture with the fuel (e.g. hydrogen gas) only increases the burden on the system, which can become a significant problem with small systems used in portable consumer devices.

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