Method of flight in an expanded speed range using thrust vectoring propellers

Abstract

The invention relates to aeronautical engineering, in particular to methods of flight due to creating of forces on air propellers, namely using thrust vectoring of direction and amount of force created by air propellers of opposite rotation with the axis, mainly in the direction of flight, in the expanded range of speeds, from 50 m/s to high near-sonic speed of flight. The invention may be applied for horizontal flight and maneuvering in flight on vertical take-off aircrafts using rotation of main rotors from the vertical stand of rotor axes during the take-off to almost horizontal position of rotor axes in horizontal flight, thus both the rotation of rotors and the change of position of an aircraft together with its rotors may be applied, and it may be also used in the horizontal take-off aircrafts with almost horizontal position of axes during the horizontal flight, including the planes with airscrew propellers.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This application is a Continuation of PCT application serial number PCT / RU2008 / 000004 filed on Jan. 9, 2008 which, in turn, claims priority to a Russian Application serial number 2007148793 on Dec. 28, 2007, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002]The invention is aimed to solve technical problem of a realization of flight in extended speed diapason producing a required value force in any direction, including lift force for compensation of weight, on air rotors in mainly axial airflow owing to increased efficacy of producing lift and transversal rotor forces in additional to thrust, also in extended diapason of rotor axe inclination to air flow and control of rotor force value and direction owing to variation of thrust and lift rotor air force ratio in wide diapason for various flight mode, also for maneuvering with acceleration. Said problem is solved owing to that in method of flight in extende...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0109]where φycTΦ—pitch angle, at which propeller feathering in its axial flow is ensured, with possibility of ensuring minimal blades' attack angles.

[0110]In addition, there is an additional alteration of blade setting angles during revolution, while reducing as much as possible the setting angles achieved on each propeller on azimuths, laying in the same direction on each propeller, and being increasing as much as possible on opposite azimuths with a possibility of creating the moment normal to axes of propellers.

[0111]In addition, the tail plumage for stabilizing the aircraft is used, the aerodynamic rudders are deflected upwards or downwards for creating the moments and controlling the flight direction, the aerodynamic rudders are deflected to the right or to the left for creating the moments and controlling the

Problems solved by technology

The increase of the maximal speed of flight is limited, mainly, due to the phenomena of stalling on the blade going against the direction of flight and besides, due to the phenomenon of compressibility on the blade going in the direction of flight (E. I. Ruzhitsky, Vertical take-off aviation, National publishing house of defense industry, Moscow, 1959, p.

The increase of thrust of the air propeller due to increase of rotational speed is limited by the increase of profile resistance of blades.

When flying at high speeds as increasing the advance ratio of the propeller the angles of incidence of the blades are also increased for maintaining the angles of attack of blades, thus the forces created by the propeller blades deviate closer to the plane of rotation, and the losses for swirling the airflow behind the propeller grow.

There is another drawback inherent to propellers used in aircraft: when flying at high speeds they cannot create elevating force for balancing of masses in flight, thus they are used only for creating the thrust.

Therefore, the blades rotating upwards, create forces diminishing the speed.

however it does not create thrust, but creates resistance that leads to unjustified expenses of energy for creating thrust for overcoming the force diminishing the speed of the blade rotating upwards by jet engines, mounted at the ends of wings-blades while the thrust and elevating force may be created on the propeller.

Another drawback of the above method of flight is the significant moment transversal to axes of the propeller effecting on the propeller, which should be compensated aerodynamic rudders.

The drawback of the method of creation of elevating force used for flight, transversal to the axis of rotation of the propeller, when the axis is inclined under a small angle to the incident flow, for example, in the vertical plane in horizontal flight, is that in case of rotation under wide angles to the horizontal position and blades close to vertical position the forces created on blades increase the thrust of the propeller, but do not make important contribution to create the lift.

The main problem of aircrafts using for flight the force transversal to the axis of propellers being in conditions close to axial flow, is creation of lift sufficient for flight and deflection of propeller force upwards, as well as impossibility to incline the axis at wide angles of attack at high speeds of flight.

The drawback of the method of creation of elevating force used for flight, transversal to the axis of rotation of the propeller, when the axis is inclined under a small angle to the incident flow, for example, in the vertical plane in horizontal flight, is that in case of rotation under wide angles to the horizontal position and blades close to vertical position the forces created on blades increase the thrust of the propeller, but do not make important contribution to create the lift.

The drawback of the method of creation of elevating force used for flight, transversal to the axis of rotation of the propeller, when the axis is inclined under a small angle to the incident flow, for example, in the vertical plane in horizontal flight, is that in case of rotation under wide angles to the horizontal position and blades close to vertical position the forces created on blades increase the thrust of the propeller, but do not make important contribution to create the lift.

The drawback of these aircrafts, such as X-100, X-19 and of the method of their flight, is that achievement of radial force directed transversally to the propeller axis, becomes possible only at high transsonic speeds of flight comparable to the peripheral speed of propellers.

The drawback of the method of creation of elevating force used for flight, transversal to the axis of rotation of the propeller, when the axis is inclined under a small angle to the incident flow, for example, in the vertical plane in horizontal flight, is that in case of rotation under wide angles to the horizontal position and blades close to vertical position the forces created on blades increase the thrust of the propeller, but do not make important contribution to create the lift.

The use of angles of the axis of propellers close to 10°, in case of rotation of the blade upwards in horizontal flight leads to occurrence of negative angles of attack of blades that reduces the thrust of the propeller while increasing the force in the plane of prope

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