The invention discloses a super-hydrophilic conductive nanofiber membrane and a method for treating emulsion by using the super-hydrophilic conductive nanofiber membrane, and relates to the field of oil-water separation. Polyacrylonitrile is dissolved in an N, N-dimethylformamide solution containing a conductive polymer and a dopant, then an electrostatic spinning method is adopted to prepare the super-hydrophilic conductive nanofiber membrane, after the membrane is pre-wetted with distilled water, oil-water emulsion is filtered under the condition of low dual-pressure driving, and compared with the condition of no electric field assistance, the super-hydrophilic conductive nanofiber membrane has the advantages that the super-hydrophilic conductive nanofiber membrane can be used for filtering oil-water emulsion; by applying the electric field, membrane pollution can be effectively relieved, flux loss in the separation process is reduced, the COD removal rate is 90% or above, the total average flux increasing proportion in the filtering period can reach 591%, and the flux is not remarkably attenuated along with time. The super-hydrophilic conductive nanofiber membrane provided by the invention can enhance the anti-pollution performance and improve the treatment flux under an electric field auxiliary condition, has good treatment flux, treatment effect and anti-pollution performance, and is convenient in material preparation, mild in operation condition and wide in applicable treatment object range.