The invention discloses an energy transaction system based on a block chain. The system comprises an energy transaction system, a smart contract, an electric meter, a wallet, a transaction object, a block chain network and the internet, wherein the smart contract is a digitalized real contract, the wallet is used for storing a private key of a user, and the energy transaction system comprises a background service and a foreground application; the transaction object comprises an electricity selling company and an electricity user; the electric meter comprises an intelligent module and has a metering function and a communication function. A transaction method according to the transaction system comprises a transaction scheme and a power utilization scheme. The system has the advantages that the system is an energy transaction platform oriented to different types of users, a block chain network is established as a basic platform, the encryption technology of the block chain is utilized, the security of transaction and the tamper-proofing performance of transaction data are ensured, different types of transaction modes are met by adopting an intelligent contract, and the system is matched with the transaction system, so that the requirements of convenient operation and system interaction of the user are met, the electric power is freely circulated, and a completely closed-loop full-circulation electric power transaction ecological system is formed.