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This invention relates to the field of overhead power transmission conductor technology, and in particular to a tenon-and-mortise interlocking ultra-high strength aluminum alloy steel core conductor and its preparation method. The conductor comprises an ultra-high strength steel core and an outer ultra-high strength aluminum alloy conductive layer. The ultra-high strength steel core is a G3A grade galvanized steel core, and the ultra-high strength aluminum alloy conductive layer is composed of 3-4 layers of S / Z type tenon-and-mortise interlocking wires concentrically stranded. The S / Z type tenon-and-mortise interlocking wires are a single-layer, single-wire concave-convex interlocking structure. This invention optimizes the Mg-Si-Zr-RE-B multi-element alloy composition system, achieving a Mg to Si mass ratio of 1.0-1.4, and combines this with a "solution-cold drawing-double-stage aging" process. This maintains high conductivity while increasing tensile strength to ≥360MPa, achieving an excellent match of high strength and high conductivity, and significantly improving strength while ensuring unchanged conductivity.