The invention discloses a high-efficient biomass charcoal coated fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: 20 to 35 parts of walnut shells, 8 to 15 parts of bagasse, 12 to 20 parts of moso bamboo, 20 to 26 parts of urea, 80 to 100 parts of a diluted hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 1 mol/L, 10 to 15 parts of ammonium humate, 20 to 30 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 to 10 parts of ferrous sulfate, 18 to 25 parts of calcium monohydrogen phosphate, 6 to 10 parts of clay, 6 to 10 parts of zinc chloride, 4 to 5 parts of a binder and a proper amount of water. According to the invention, the walnut shells containing rich lignin, the bagasse and the like are ground into particles with appropriate sizes, and are subjected to high-temperature sealed carbonization so as to obtain a porous activated carbon component, and the porous activated carbon component is combined with polyvinyl alcohol so as to prepare a fertilizer controlled-release coating agent which has excellent controlled-release effect; meanwhile, the obtained granular activated carbon component has the advantages of large sizes, intensive pores, tight structure, insusceptible breakage, durability in use, and higher cost performance; besides, through timely washing with hydrochloric acid, the pores are timely dredged, and more obvious effects are achieved.