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This application provides a method, system, medium, and equipment for detecting thermal hazards in tunnels, relating to the field of tunnel safety detection. The method includes: acquiring geological feature data of the target tunnel; identifying a group of thermal hazard parameters with a correlation greater than a set threshold; setting a quantitative scoring range based on this; using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to assign weights and calculate hazard scores; then, combining relevant data to establish a dataset and training a lightweight gradient boosting model; finally, inputting data from an unexcavated tunnel section into the model to output the thermal hazard level. This application, by acquiring geological feature data, can accurately understand the environment, screen key parameters to eliminate redundancy, quantify parameters, and rationally allocate weights to ensure objective and accurate scores. It enables tunnel thermal hazard detection and early warning, providing guidance for prevention and control, reducing impact, and is of great significance to tunnel engineering.