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An electrochemical and fluorine ion technology, applied in electrochemical generators, non-aqueous electrolyte batteries, aqueous electrolyte batteries, etc.
Active Publication Date: 2009-06-24
CALIFORNIA INST OF TECH +1
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To the applicant's knowledge, there are currently no known batteries with a purely anionic chemistry
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Embodiment 1
[0194] Embodiment 1: Fluoride ion secondary electrochemical cell with Li / CFx half-cell structure
[0195] 1.a. Introduction
[0196] To demonstrate the advantages of the fluoride ion electrochemical cell of the present invention, a cell with a CFx positive electrode and a lithium metal negative electrode was constructed and its electrochemical performance was evaluated. The results shown here demonstrate the useful rechargeable capacity of fluoride-ion electrochemical cells at room temperature at reasonable charge-discharge rates.
[0197] 1.b. Experiment
[0198] Synthesized two classes of fluorocarbons CF x and use it as the positive electrode of the lithium battery in this example; 1) Coke-based stoichiometric (commercial) CF 1 , and 2) Subfluorinated CF based on graphite and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) x (x<1). Fluorocarbons are obtained by fluorinating coke graphite or MWNT carbon powder at high temperature, and the reaction is:
[0199] C(s)+x / 2F 2 (g)...
Embodiment 2
[0231] Example 2: Anion and cation acceptors for fluoride ion electrochemical cells.
[0232] This example provides a summary of anion and cation acceptors that can be used in the present invention. A variety of fluoride ion acceptors are specifically exemplified that increase the solubility of fluoride salts and that increase the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte in the electrochemical cells of the present invention.
[0233] In one embodiment, the electrolyte of the present invention includes an anion acceptor having the following chemical structure AR1:
[0234]
[0235] where R 1 , R 2 and R 3 independently selected from alkyl, aromatic groups optionally substituted with one or more halogens, alkyls, alkoxides, thiols, thioalkoxides, aromatic groups, ethers or thioethers including F , ether, thioether, heterocycle, aryl or heteroaryl.
[0236] In one embodiment, the electrolyte of the present invention includes a borate-based anion acceptor compound having th...
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Abstract
The present invention provides electrochemical cells capable of good electronic performance, particularly high specific energies, useful discharge rate capabilities and good cycle life. Electrochemical cells of the present invention are versatile and include primary and secondary cells useful for a range of important applications including use in portable electronic devices. Electrochemical cells of the present invention also exhibit enhanced safety and stability relative to conventional state of the art primary lithium batteries and lithium ion secondary batteries. For example, electrochemical cells of the present invention include secondary electrochemical cells using anion charge carriers capable of accommodation by positive and negative electrodes comprising anion host materials, which entirely eliminate the need for metallic lithium or dissolved lithium ion in these systems.
Description
[0001] Cross-references to related applications [0002] This application claims priority to: U.S. Provisional Patent Application 60 / 779,054, filed March 3, 2006; U.S. Provisional Patent Application, filed January 25, 2007, Attorney Docket No. 4823-P Inventor Rachid Yazami; U.S. Application 11 / 677,541, filed February 21, 2007; U.S. Application 11 / 675,308, filed February 15, 2007; US Patent Application 11 / 560,570. The entire content of each of these applications is incorporated by reference into this specification to the extent that it does not conflict with the disclosure of the present invention. Background technique [0003] Recent decades have seen revolutionary developments in electrochemical storage and conversion devices that have expanded the capabilities of these systems in a variety of fields including portable electronics, aircraft and spacecraft technology, and biomedical instrumentation. In the prior art, electrochemical storage and conversion devices have design...
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