Preparation method of crop straw fiber ecological composite material

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of a crop straw fiber ecological composite material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: mechanical separation: mechanically separating crop straws into short straws to improve the accessibility of alkali treatment to the crop straws; alkali treatment: carrying out alkali treatment on the short straws in a sodium hydroxide solution with mass percent of 3-6 percent, wherein the mass ratio of the sodium hydroxide solution to the short straws is (30-50):1; carrying out alkali treatment, washing and acid neutralizing and then drying for 2-10h at a temperature of 60-80 DEG C to obtain straw fibers; with the straw fibers as an enhancement phase and a polylactic acid material as a substrate, thermally pressing to obtain a composite material; and keeping pressure, naturally cooling or water-cooling the obtained composite material at normal temperature to obtain a porous composite material plate. The straw fiber extracted in the invention has the advantages of high cellulose content, good fineness, good mechanical property of the composite material and more and small gaps inside straw fibers inside the composite material, and excellent heat insulation and sound isolation performances.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a method for preparing an ecological composite material, in particular to a method for preparing an ecological composite material of crop straw fiber, belonging to the field of composite material preparation. Background technique [0002] Reasonable and efficient use of crop straw resources, turning waste into treasure, and producing environmentally friendly materials have become hot topics in the world. my country is a large agricultural country, and rice, wheat, corn, cotton, etc. are the main crop varieties. The annual output of crop straw in my country reaches 700 million tons, ranking first in the world. At present, these cellulose-rich crop straws mainly have the following treatment methods, but all of them have shortcomings: ①Waste disposal such as landfilling and burning not only does not make effective use of resources, but also emits a large amount of carbon dioxide during the burning process, polluting the environme...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

At present, these cellulose-rich crop straws mainly have the following treatment methods, but all of them have shortcomings: ①Waste disposal such as landfilling and burning not only does not make effective use of resources, but also emits a large amount of carbon dioxide during the burning process, polluting the environment; ②Appropriate crushing to make MDF, due to the short length of straw as reinforcement, the reinforcing effect is limited. In addition, most of them use adhesives that are harmful to the environment; ③Production of fuel ethanol has low conversion rate and high cost; ④Combustion power generation, low added value