Balloon guide apparatus for pedicle approach kyphosis vertebroplasty operation

Abstract

The invention discloses a balloon guide apparatus for pedicle approach kyphosis vertebroplasty operation. The balloon guide apparatus comprises a guide wire, a cannula and a balloon. The balloon is arranged at the front end of the cannula and is connected with the cannula by a flexible tube, a memory alloy section is arranged on the guide wire and is arranged in the flexible tube at a joint of the cannula and the balloon, the cannula comprises an inner cannula I, an outer cannula, a guide wire inlet and a liquid inlet, the outer cannula sleeves the inner cannula I, the guide wire inlet is formed in an end of the cannula and is communicated with the inner cannula I, the liquid inlet is formed in a side of the cannula and is communicated with the outer cannula, an inner cannula II is arranged in a balloon body of the balloon, the outer cannula is communicated with the balloon body, the inner cannula I is communicated with the inner cannula II, and the guide wire is arranged in the inner cannula I and the inner cannula II. The balloon guide apparatus has the advantages that the guide wire can be compressed and relaxed at different temperatures by the aid of characteristics of memory alloy, accordingly, the balloon can be driven to be bent towards opposite vertebral bodies, the opposite vertebral bodies can be spread by the balloon to the greatest extent, and bone cement support spaces can be built in the opposite vertebral bodies; effects of enlarging and balancing the bone cement support spaces can be realized under the condition that operation wound is reduced.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a pedicle approach balloon expansion kyphoplasty operation device, which belongs to the field of medical instruments. Background technique [0002] Thoracolumbar fracture is a common clinical disease in spine surgery. With the development of the concept of modern spine surgery, more and more patients need surgical treatment. After surgery, the structure and function of the spine can be restored, but there will always be some patients due to Complications such as loss of height and endplate collapse after fracture reduction often result in residual back pain after surgery, which brings inconvenience to the work and life of the patient. How to improve the curative effect of thoracolumbar fractures and reduce sequelae has become one of the challenges faced by spine surgeons today; at the same time, with the increase in the proportion of the elderly population and changes in people's lifestyles, osteoporotic vertebral compression f...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, while the posterior approach restores the height of the injured vertebral body, it fails to restore the compressed bone trabeculae to the original trabecular bone structure, resulting in "eggshell" changes in the vertebral body.

Especially in burst fractures, the endplate rupture often occurs, and the intervertebral disc and the broken endplate are squeezed into the vertebral body, causing the anterior and central column to lose its structural integrity

The injection of cancellous bone into the vertebral body through the pedicle was once promoted, but some studies by Knop et al. and Alanay et al. showed that this method cannot rebuild the strength and stability of the vertebral body, and cannot reduce the failure of internal fixation and the loss of correction degree. incidence of

[0008] In surgery, the filling of bone cement is a key step in the success of the operation. At present, the main problem in clinical practice is: in order to achieve the purpose of uniform distribution of bone cement in the bone, it is often hoped that it can diffuse well; but the diffusion speed is too fast It is very easy to cause the leakage of bone cement, causing patients with acute pulmonary embolism, compression of spinal nerves and other emergency symptoms

[0009] At present, in order to prevent the balloon hydraulic dilator from being punctured by the brittle bone in the cavity and expand its working space, before the dilator approach, the method of Kirschner wire intervention is clinically introduced, but compared with bilateral pedicle puncture The current main difficulty in puncturing through the unilateral pedicle is that the inclination angle of the puncture is too large (up to 30°-35°), which increases the risk of puncturing the inner wall of the pedicle. Reduced likelihood of reaching the contralateral vertebral body guided by the working channel, with the risk of puncturing the anterior and lateral vertebral body

[0010] At present, some clinicians use pre-bent Kirschner wires to establish the working space of the dilator, and then use the dilator to expand, which can achieve the effect of reaching the contralateral vertebral body. The deformation after bending is small, and in most cases it cannot meet the requirements of the curvature of the vertebral body. Therefore, this solution cannot absolutely guarantee that the balloon can be correctly guided into the contralateral vertebral body every time, and the movement of the Kirschner wire in the bone is uncertain. Even if part of the puncture reaches the contralateral side, the diffusion effect of the bone cement is not good due to the insufficient depth of penetration, resulting in unsatisfactory recovery of the contralateral vertebral body

At the same time, affected by the radius of the working catheter, the bending arc should not be too large. The above factors all affect the surgical effect of unilateral pedicle puncture.

[0011] Due to the difficulty in controlling the bending angle of the guide wire, the existing hydraulic balloon device cannot be spread evenly in the vertebral body, that is, the bone cement diffusion space in the contralateral vertebral body is inconsistent with the size of the bone cement diffusion space in the approaching vertebral body , the bone cement diffusion and support space cannot be effectively established. Even if the working space of the dilator is pre-established by the Kirschner wire, the existing hydraulic balloon device still cannot smoothly expand uniformly along the pre-opened working space.

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