Formation method for sodium ion cell or battery
A single cell, sodium ion technology, applied in battery electrodes, alkaline battery electrodes, chemical instruments and methods, etc., can solve problems such as inability to be widely used and single cells.
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Embodiment 1
[0043] Figure 4 Cycling data of three single cells subjected to different cycling conditions are shown. The electrode coatings were all prepared as described below. Three identical single cells were fabricated to test different cycling conditions. The single cell contains 8 double-sided positive electrode coatings and 7 double-sided and 2 single-sided negative electrode coatings. The positive electrode coating is formed by mixing nickel-based sodium layered oxide material with a small amount of carbon black conductive additive and PVDF / CTFE copolymer binder and with NMP solvent. This slurry was cast onto the carbon coated aluminum and dried, then the slurry was also cast on the opposite side. These electrodes are then vacuum dried, cut and calendered (rolled) before being used in single cells.
[0044] The conductive carbon additive was C65 from TimCal Corporation. The ratio of components is 87% active material, 6% binder and 5% conductive additive. The negative electro...
Embodiment 2
[0048] More preferably, the positive electrode material comprises a compound of the following formula
[0049] A 1-δ Ni v mn w Mg x Ti Y o 2 ,in:
[0050] A is sodium
[0051] Mn, Mg and Ti correspond to M in the general formula given above 2 , M 3 and M 4 ,M 5 Composition absent (Z=0), Ni is nickel in +2 oxidation state
[0052] 0≦δ≦0.1
[0053] V is in the range of 0.3
[0054] W is in the range of 0
[0055] X is in the range of 0≦X<0.3;
[0056] Y is in the range of 0≦Y<0.4;
[0057] Z = 0;
[0058] And V+W+X+Y+Z=1.
[0059] The same negative electrode, electrolyte and cell design were as described in the first example. The cells may initially assume an upper limit voltage greater than 4.0V and less than 4.5V for the formation charging step, and then cycle to an upper limit voltage less than the formation charging upper limit voltage. More preferably, the cells may initially assume an upper limit voltage of between 4.1V and 4.3V for the fo...
Embodiment 3
[0061] In the third embodiment of the present invention, a single cell was fabricated as described in the first embodiment. Prior to cycling, cells are subjected to an aging procedure to improve the lifetime of the cells. The aging procedure requires keeping the cells above room temperature for a given period of time and may include at least one of the following steps:
[0062] keeping the cell above 30°C for more than one hour;
[0063] keeping the cell above 50°C for more than one hour;
[0064] keeping the cell above 70°C for more than one hour;
[0065] keeping the single cell above 30°C for a period of more than one day and less than 30 days;
[0066] keeping the single cell above 50°C for a period of more than one day and less than 30 days;
[0067] keeping the single cell above 70°C for a period of more than one day and less than 30 days;
[0068] During the period of time during which the cell is kept above room temperature, the cell may be held at a voltage great...
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