560 results about "Sodium oxide" patented technology

The invention discloses high-strength high-temperature-resistant fireproof industrial glass and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of glass manufacturing. The industrial glass is prepared from the following raw materials: silicon dioxide, boric oxide, aluminum oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, niobium phosphate, a composite reinforcing component and a clarifying agent, the composite reinforcing component is prepared from hafnium oxide, gadolinium oxide and zinc oxide; the clarifying agent is obtained by mixing cerium dioxide and tin oxide. The preparation method of the industrial glass comprises the following steps: preparing functional components, melting glass, forming a glass substrate, and preparing the industrial glass. The prepared industrial glass is high in strength, good in high-temperature stability and excellent in fireproof performance.

The invention discloses a high-aluminum wear-resistant ceramic grinding ball and a preparation method thereof. The grinding ball comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 85%-95% of aluminum oxide, 2%-10% of silicon dioxide, 1%-3% of calcium carbonate, 0.2%-0.5% of magnesium carbonate, 0.03%-0.05% of titanium dioxide, 0.01%-0.03% of sodium oxide and 1%-5% of modified zirconium dioxide. The preparation method of the modified zirconium dioxide comprises the following steps: adding hydrogen peroxide into a mixed solution of soluble cerium salt and soluble zirconium salt to obtain a reaction system; adding the reaction system into an alkaline solution for reaction, and collecting an insoluble substance after the reaction is finished; and calcining the insoluble substance to obtain the modified zirconium dioxide. The ceramic ball is simple in formula, rich in raw materials, low in price and low in production cost, the operation stability of the ceramic ball is improved, and the service life is prolonged.

The invention belongs to the technical field of wastewater treatment, and particularly relates to an intelligent dosing system and method for hardness and alkali removal wastewater. The monitoring unit is used for monitoring calcium hardness, magnesium hardness and alkalinity of inlet water and outlet water and monitoring the pH value in a reaction tank 1; the control system is in communication connection with the monitoring unit, receives the monitoring data, and is used for selecting a dosing mode according to the calcium hardness, magnesium hardness and alkalinity data of the inlet water, calculating the dosing amount and feeding back and adjusting the dosing and pH value according to the monitoring data of the outlet water; the chemical adding unit comprises a lime chemical adding device, a sodium hydroxide chemical adding device and a sodium carbonate chemical adding device which are respectively connected with the control system, and corresponding chemicals are added according to instructions of the control system; the treatment unit sequentially comprises a coagulation tank, a reaction tank 1, a reaction tank 2, a flocculation tank and a sedimentation tank. According to the invention, through automatic intelligent dosing, the purpose of removing alkalinity and hardness in water at the lowest cost is achieved.

The invention provides nanoscale superfine copper powder and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of metal powder, the preparation method comprises the following steps: dispersing copper salt and a complexing agent in deionized water to obtain a copper salt solution; dispersing a reducing agent and a dispersing agent in deionized water to obtain a reducing solution; dispersing sodium hydroxide in deionized water to obtain a sodium hydroxide solution; the method comprises the following steps: heating a copper salt solution, a reduction solution and a sodium hydroxide solution to 45-80 DEG C, adding the reduction solution into the copper salt solution under a stirring condition, then adding the sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a mixed solution, and reacting for 2-3 hours; and after the reaction is finished, a suspension containing copper powder is obtained, and after solid-liquid separation, washing and drying are conducted, the nanoscale superfine copper powder is obtained. The method is simple in technological process, does not need special equipment and is suitable for industrial production. And the prepared nano copper powder is good in dispersing performance, uniform in particle size distribution, high in purity and suitable for being applied to the field of microelectronic components.

The invention discloses a recovery process of waste PET (polyethylene glycol terephthalate), which comprises the following steps: dissolving waste PET by using a good solvent, dropwise adding into cold methanol, precipitating, filtering, separating, drying, and hydrolyzing the waste PET by using a low-concentration sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, so that the PET can be effectively hydrolyzed at a relatively low temperature (25-40 DEG C), the reaction conditions are mild, the reaction time is short, the yield is high, and the recovery process is suitable for industrial production. The yield of the product TPA is up to 99%, the product TPA is easy to separate, and the solvent can be recycled.

The invention relates to a catalyst for preparing cyclododecanone through cyclododecanol dehydrogenation and a preparation method and application thereof. The catalyst component comprises copper, zinc, zirconium, sodium, calcium, aluminum and iron; the catalyst is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass in an oxide form: 40 to 65 weight percent of copper oxide, 10 to 21 weight percent of zinc oxide, 10 to 30 weight percent of zirconium oxide, 5 to 20 weight percent of sodium oxide, 1 to 5 weight percent of calcium oxide, 0.5 to 1.5 weight percent of aluminum oxide and 0.05 to 0.5 weight percent of iron oxide. In one embodiment, according to the preparation method of the catalyst provided by the invention, water vapor is added during roasting in a nitrogen environment, so that the release speed of carbon dioxide is controlled, and formation of carbon deposition in the roasting process is reduced. The catalyst can solve the problem of low selectivity caused by low dehydrogenation reaction conversion rate and many by-product cyclododecene, and has the characteristics of high strength, good hydrothermal resistance, long service life and the like.

The invention provides a drilling fluid and a preparation method thereof. The drilling fluid comprises the following raw materials: water, bentonite, sodium hydroxide, a filtrate reducer, an inhibitor, potassium chloride, a tackifier, a lubricant, a plugging agent, a film-forming agent and barite. Wherein the film-forming agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 to 60 parts of organic silicon solvent, 80 to 100 parts of ethanol water solution, 10 to 15 parts of polyurethane particles and 10 to 15 parts of nano silicon dioxide. The drilling fluid provided by the invention can prevent the drilling fluid or filtrate thereof from entering fine and micro-nano cracks of a shale well section, so that the influence of hydration or capillary force on a shale stratum is reduced, and the well wall stability problem in shale drilling can be fundamentally solved.

This invention relates to an air purification device designed to remove a wide range of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds from contaminated air The system integrates a chemical scrubber with an electrochemical reactor that generates ferrate(VI) solution in situ. The reactor uses two iron electrodes immersed in a 14 molar sodium hydroxide solution, powered by a direct current converter operating at 24 volts. Upon activation, ferrate(VI) ions are formed, indicated by a purple coloration in the solution. The ferrate(VI) solution is immediately circulated through a packed- bed scrubber, where it contacts the polluted air. Organic compounds are absorbed into the liquid phase and oxidized by ferrate(VI), resulting in cleaner air. The system is equipped with drainage for spent solution and can be integrated into industrial, laboratory, or indoor ventilation setups.

This invention provides a micro-arc oxidation electrolyte for magnesium alloy surface treatment and a method for preparing a micro-arc oxidation film. The micro-arc oxidation electrolyte is an aqueous solution containing sodium silicate, sodium hydroxide, potassium fluoride, and titanium boron carbon nitride conductive nanoparticles; or, an aqueous solution containing sodium silicate, potassium hydroxide, potassium fluoride, and titanium boron carbon nitride conductive nanoparticles. This invention also discloses a method for preparing a micro-arc oxidation film using the aforementioned micro-arc oxidation electrolyte for magnesium alloy surface treatment. The micro-arc oxidation electrolyte of this invention contains conductive ceramic nanoparticles—titanium boron carbon nitride conductive nanoparticles. Using these nanoparticles to perform a micro-arc oxidation reaction on the magnesium alloy surface can improve the microstructure of the micro-arc oxidation film, while simultaneously enhancing the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the magnesium alloy after micro-arc oxidation treatment, significantly improving the surface protection capability of the magnesium alloy, and extending its service life.

The invention relates to the technical field of ultraviolet shielding materials, in particular to a preparation method of an attapulgite-loaded cerium metal polyphenol network composite material and ultraviolet shielding application of the attapulgite-loaded cerium metal polyphenol network composite material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing attapulgite with deionized water, and performing ultrasonic dispersion; mixing tea polyphenol and cerous nitrate, adding the mixture into the obtained attapulgite suspension, adding a sodium hydroxide solution, putting the mixture into an ultrasonic kettle, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment; and centrifuging and freeze-drying to obtain the attapulgite loaded cerium metal polyphenol network nano composite material. The attapulgite loaded cerium metal polyphenol network composite material obtained by the invention has a relatively high specific surface area after ultrasonic treatment, the cerium metal polyphenol network is uniformly distributed on the surface of the attapulgite in the form of nanoparticles, and the self-agglomeration phenomenon of the attapulgite is improved by the steric hindrance effect of the cerium metal polyphenol network; and the whole material shows good ultraviolet shielding performance.

The invention discloses a method for preparing high-density yttrium oxyfluoride ceramic by combining a hydrothermal method and hot pressed sintering. The method comprises the following steps: (1) respectively preparing a yttrium nitrate (Y (NO3) 3.6 H2O) solution and an ammonium fluoride (NH4F) solution; (2) mixing the raw materials, and stirring for 10 to 20 minutes; (3) adding a sodium hydroxide solution into the mixed solution to adjust the pH value of the system to 10-12, and continuously stirring for 10-20 minutes to obtain a premixed solution; (4) transferring the premixed solution into a hydrothermal kettle, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction under a high-temperature condition; (5) carrying out centrifugal separation and drying treatment on the hydrothermal reaction product to obtain a yttrium oxyfluoride precursor; (6) calcining the precursor in a muffle furnace in an air atmosphere; and (7) carrying out hot pressed sintering on the obtained powder under the conditions of 750-1000 DEG C and 20-40 MPa, and carrying out heat preservation for 30-90 minutes. The obtained ceramic has high compactness and excellent plasma etching resistance.

The application provides a controllable hydrogen system and a controllable hydrogen method, and the controllable hydrogen system comprises a reactor, an aluminum conveying module, a sodium hydroxide conveying module, a water conveying module and a recovery module; the aluminum conveying module, the sodium hydroxide conveying module and the water conveying module are communicated with the reactor respectively; the reactor is provided with a first outlet and a second outlet; the recovery module comprises a diaphragm filter system, a first inlet of the diaphragm filter system is communicated with the first outlet of the reactor, the diaphragm filter system further comprises a third outlet, and the third outlet is communicated with the reactor; and the second outlet is used for conveying generated hydrogen. The controllable hydrogen method of the application utilizes the controllable hydrogen system to realize efficient controllable hydrogen, and utilizes the diaphragm filter system to recycle by-products and sodium hydroxide, so that the utilization rate of resources is improved.

The application relates to a preparation method of a TiO2 / Sb2O3 / PSAC heterojunction sterilization composite material, which comprises the following steps: 1) adding a cationic surfactant, tetrabutyl titanate, antimony trichloride or antimony pentachloride into deionized water in sequence and stirring until the solution is white; 2) placing a FOSS crucible with coal-tar pitch-based spherical activated carbon into a high-pressure reaction kettle with concentrated nitric acid, heating, washing with deionized water until neutral, and naturally air-drying; 3) placing the dried coal-tar pitch-based spherical activated carbon into the white solution, stirring, finally adding sodium hydroxide, stirring, and then placing into a high-pressure reaction kettle, heating and keeping for a period of time; and naturally cooling, centrifugalizing, washing and drying. The application effectively combines the adsorption performance and the photocatalytic performance of the activated carbon through a hydrothermal one-step in-situ method, increases the mechanical performance, and can have high sterilization efficiency under the excitation of sunlight.

This invention provides a precise pure water addition device for an electrolyzer based on current cascade control, comprising an electrolyzer cathode chamber, a pure water storage tank, a concentrated alkali delivery pipeline, a pure water delivery pipeline, a current transformer, a concentrated alkali electromagnetic flowmeter, a pure water electromagnetic flowmeter, an intelligent regulating valve, an online refractometer, a buffer tank, a stirrer, and a DCS control system. This application controls the NaOH concentration fluctuation range at the electrolyzer outlet to 32%±0.1%, increasing the concentration qualification rate to over 99.8%, a 5-fold improvement in accuracy compared to traditional methods, meeting the production needs of high-end chemical and electronic-grade caustic soda. The circulating tank's circulating mixing design utilizes the power of the circulating pump to ensure that the concentration deviation after mixing is <0.1%, achieving uniform mixing when adapted to existing production equipment. Furthermore, by constructing a three-level control system of current feedforward-flow cascade-concentration feedback, dynamic and precise regulation of the pure water addition is achieved, ensuring that the sodium hydroxide concentration at the electrolyzer outlet remains stable within the range of 32%±0.1%.

The invention discloses a small-grain Y-type molecular sieve and a preparation method thereof, the raw materials comprise sodium aluminate, sodium silicate, aluminum sulfate and small-grain seed crystal, the small-grain seed crystal is prepared from sodium silicate, sodium aluminate and a liquid alkali solution according to the substance amount ratio (silica: aluminum oxide = 15.5-16.5: 1, sodium oxide: silica = 0.75-0.79: 1, and water: silica = 13.5-13.9: 1), and the small-grain Y-type molecular sieve is obtained through induced nucleation and slow growth. And standing and storing at a constant temperature of 27-28 DEG C for 2 weeks (the seed crystal has been applied for the patent of invention, and the patent number is CN 118877905B). Then preparing the small-grain seed crystal, sodium aluminate, sodium silicate and aluminum sulfate according to the substance amount ratio (silicon dioxide: aluminum oxide = 8.3-8.4: 1, sodium oxide: silicon dioxide = 0.50-0.51: 1, and water: silicon dioxide = 23.5-24: 1) and the seed crystal proportion of 0.5%-4.0%, statically crystallizing for 40-50 hours in a normal-pressure reaction kettle at 100 + / -2 DEG C to obtain a small-grain NaY molecular sieve (phi 300nm), filtering and washing, and drying to obtain the small-grain NaY molecular sieve. The obtained small-grain Y-type molecular sieve is large in outer surface, multiple in mesopores, suitable for low-temperature (0-50 DEG C) exchange reaction, high in reaction speed, more energy-saving and environment-friendly, and has more development space in the fields of catalytic cracking, hydrogenation agents and adsorbents.

5 Disclosed is a process for capturing multi-gas emissions. The process comprises passing multi-gas emissions through a reactor unit, spraying any one of sodium hydroxide, fly ash, fly ash-slaked / quick lime mixture, fly ash- steelmaking residue mixture, slaked lime- steelmaking residue mixture, red mud and red mud-fly ash mixture, over the multi-gas emissions in the reactor unit; and capturing water droplets coming along the multi-10 emissions using a demister unit.

The invention discloses a blow-in flue gas treatment method for a zinc smelting roasting furnace, and belongs to the technical field of zinc smelting flue gas treatment. Comprising the steps that smoke gate valves are additionally arranged at smoke outlets of the waste heat boiler; a blow-in flue and a gate valve are additionally arranged at a smoke outlet of the waste heat boiler; a frequency conversion centrifugal fan is newly arranged at the tail of the flue; a set of venturi tower is newly built on the side edge of the blow-in fan, and a spraying device is additionally arranged on the venturi tower. By additionally arranging the blow-in flue gas collecting system, flue gas generated in the blow-in stage is intensively captured and then subjected to gas-liquid two-phase turbulence washing through the efficient Venturi tower, and smoke dust pre-removal and temperature regulation and control are achieved; afterwards, the washed flue gas is introduced into an original tail gas desulfurization tower, sulfur dioxide and trace heavy metal pollutants are removed in a graded mode through the synergistic effect of a sodium hydroxide solution and zinc oxide, and finally flue gas purification and up-to-standard emission are achieved. According to the scheme, through coupling of a new system and an old system, original desulfurization facilities are reused, the investment cost is reduced, and the consistency of the blow-in stage and the normal production emission standard is ensured.

The invention discloses a method for determining the content of impurities in high-purity iridium, and relates to the technical field of impurity detection. The method comprises the following steps: taking an yttrium oxide crucible as pretreatment equipment, carrying out alkali fusion treatment on a high-purity iridium wire sample by using sodium peroxide and NaOH, and dissolving a fused block by using hydrochloric acid to obtain a sample solution A; and then eluting the sample solution A by using a cation exchange column to remove Na < + > to obtain a solution B, and finally determining the contents of Rh and Pt in the solution B by using ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry). The detection method is high in accuracy, good in repeatability and suitable for rapid and accurate detection of the impurity content in the high-purity iridium wire.

This invention discloses a bioactive glass and its preparation method, belonging to the field of bioactive glass technology. It aims to solve the problems of insufficient synergistic effect between antibacterial efficacy and bone-promoting activity in existing materials, as well as the inability to monitor in vivo degradation processes in real time. The bioactive glass comprises 44-48 parts silica; 22-27 parts calcium oxide; 22-27 parts sodium oxide; 5-7 parts phosphorus pentoxide; 2-4 parts europium zinc complex; 10-20 parts chitosan; 1-5 parts lidocaine; and 2-5 parts dilute acetic acid solution. The addition of the europium zinc complex promotes bone formation and enhances antibacterial activity, achieving a highly efficient synergy between anti-infection and tissue regeneration. Simultaneously, it provides optical tracking capabilities, allowing for non-destructive real-time monitoring of the material's degradation behavior and tissue integration in vivo via fluorescence imaging. This invention offers superior material performance and a simple preparation process, providing an innovative solution for the repair of infected bone defects.

The application discloses a kind of synthesis methods of high-purity electronic grade sodium hypophosphite, dilute phosphine gas is passed into to the mixed solution of sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide that has been pre-cooled with sufficient stirring, and sodium hydroxide is added to carry out reaction;After reaction is completed, filtration, concentration, crystallization, separation are carried out, and the obtained product is purified by resin to obtain high-purity electronic grade sodium hypophosphite product.Compared with the traditional "yellow phosphorus-lime-soda" oxidation-reduction method for preparing industrial grade product and then preparing high-purity electronic grade sodium hypophosphite, the product purification difficulty of the application is low, by using 7N grade ultra-high purity phosphine without any metal impurities, the problem that arsenic, silicon, germanium, nickel, chromium and other metal impurities cannot be completely removed by traditional process can be effectively solved.In addition, the application also has the advantages of effectively solving the problem of three wastes, high recycling rate of by-products, high economy and the like.

The present invention provides a method (700) and apparatus for producing liquid sodium from sodium hydroxide other than by electrolysis. The method comprises reacting solid-phase sodium hydroxide in an anoxic environment with an amount of liquid sodium in excess of the stoichiometric amount thereof required to produce sodium oxide and hydrogen gas, capturing at least some of the hydrogen gas, phase-separating at least some of the sodium oxide from the excess amount of liquid sodium, thermally decomposing at least some of the sodium oxide under vacuum to produce sodium vapour and oxygen gas, condensing at least some of the sodium vapour to produce liquid sodium, and recycling some of the liquid sodium thus produced to the reaction with the solid-phase sodium hydroxide. Subject to real-world losses and inefficiencies, the amount of liquid sodium produced by condensing the sodium vapour is double the stoichiometric amount thereof required to react with the sodium hydroxide, so that half of it may be recycled back to this reaction, whilst recovering the same amount of sodium from the sodium hydroxide. This chemical cycle therefore analyses the sodium hydroxide into its constituent elements without consuming the liquid sodium with which the sodium hydroxide reacts and without using electrolysis. It therefore effectively provides a chemical alternative to the electrolytic production of liquid sodium via the Castner process, whilst also consuming less energy than the Castner process because of the latter's inherent inefficiency. The corresponding apparatus comprises a gas-tight reaction vessel for reacting the sodium hydroxide with the liquid sodium in an anoxic environment and capturing the hydrogen gas, a solid-liquid sodium phase separator for separating the sodium oxide from the liquid sodium, a vacuum chamber for thermally decomposing the sodium oxide into sodium vapour and oxygen, a sodium condenser for condensing the sodium vapour, and a liquid sodium return path for returning liquid sodium from the sodium condenser to the gas-tight reaction vessel. [Fig. 2]

The present application belongs to the technical field of steel metallurgy continuous casting, and particularly relates to a crystallizer non-lithium protecting slag for stainless steel slab continuous casting and application. The non-lithium protecting slag is composed of the following components: calcium oxide 28-40%, silicon oxide 26-38%, aluminum oxide 2-8%, sodium oxide 9-14%, fluoride ion 5-11%, magnesium oxide 1-4%, boron oxide 1-5%, manganese oxide 0.5-3%, total carbon 2-4.5%, and the rest is inevitable impurities and carbonate volatiles; the mass ratio of sodium oxide / magnesium oxide is greater than or equal to 3.5. The hollow particle type protecting slag product designed in the present application can reduce the ton slag cost by 1000-2500 yuan, and has the performance of the conventional lithium-containing austenitic stainless steel slab continuous casting protecting slag, and is beneficial to the smooth running of the austenitic stainless steel high-pulling speed continuous casting process, and reduces the raw material procurement cost of the steel enterprise, so that the market competitiveness of the stainless steel product can be further enhanced.

The utility model discloses a flaky sodium hydroxide feeding device for molybdic acid production, which comprises an evaporation reaction kettle, a stirring mechanism and a pH sensor probe are arranged in the evaporation reaction kettle, the pH sensor probe is electrically connected with a pH tester, a feeding port is arranged at the top of the evaporation reaction kettle, a feeding pipe is mounted at the position of the feeding port, and the pH tester is electrically connected with the feeding pipe. The utility model relates to the technical field of molybdic acid preparation, which utilizes the impact crushing assembly in the storage hopper to crush flaky sodium hydroxide into small particles, and further feeds the small particles of sodium hydroxide into the feeding pipe through the spiral feeding assembly. The extrusion type material pushing assembly is started to feed granular sodium hydroxide in the feeding pipe into the evaporation reaction kettle through the turnover type plugging assembly on the lower portion, the structure is simple, the automation degree is high, operation is stable, and when feeding operation is not carried out, the turnover type plugging assembly at the lower end of the feeding pipe can plug the feeding pipe, so that the feeding efficiency is improved. And water vapor is prevented from entering the feeding pipe in the evaporation reaction operation process.

The invention provides a high-roundness-rate glass bead and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of controlling substance quality by measuring physical properties of materials. The ceramic is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 30 to 40 weight percent of silicon dioxide, 1 to 5 weight percent of sodium oxide, 10 to 15 weight percent of calcium oxide, 12 to 16 weight percent of titanium dioxide, 25 to 30 weight percent of barium carbonate, 1 to 3 weight percent of zirconium oxide and 5 to 10 weight percent of aluminum oxide and magnesium oxide. The high rounding rate of the glass bead is controlled to be 80% or above, so that the glass bead is stable in performance and easy to industrially produce, and the refractive index of the glass bead is controlled to be about 1.7.

The application relates to a preparation method of high-purity large-specific-surface-area aluminum-doped nickel oxide nanopowder and application of the high-purity large-specific-surface-area aluminum-doped nickel oxide nanopowder as a ternary lithium battery positive electrode material additive, and belongs to the technical field of ternary lithium batteries. Aluminum hydroxide gel and sodium hydroxide are used as raw materials to obtain a sodium tetrahydroxyaluminate solution; after nickel chloride solution, CTAB and sodium hydroxide solution are added, the solution is transferred into a reaction device, and after reaction, the solution is washed, freeze-dried and finally calcined to obtain the high-purity large-specific-surface-area aluminum-doped nickel oxide nanopowder. The Al-O bond formed by aluminum doping into the nickel oxide material has strong bond energy, can play a supporting role, improve the stability of a layered structure and can inhibit adverse crystal phase transformation in the charging and discharging process. 3+ During the calcination process, Al 3+ exists at the grain boundaries, can stabilize the grain boundaries and hinder excessive growth of the grains at high temperatures. Smaller grains have a larger specific surface area and a shorter ion diffusion path, thereby improving the electrochemical performance.

The present application relates to wastewater treatment agent technical field, disclose a kind of photovoltaic wastewater treatment agent and its preparation method, the preparation method of treatment agent is as follows: aluminum salt and cerium salt are dispersed in deionized water, then surface active agent is added, and precursor is obtained after mixing uniformly;Sodium hydroxide is added in precursor to adjust pH to 7.5-8.5, after aging, centrifugal, washing, drying and calcining, modified alumina is obtained;Modified alumina is ultrasonically dispersed in deionized water, then iron salt, zirconium salt and lanthanum salt are sequentially added, and after mixing uniformly, hydrothermal reaction is carried out, and the product is cooled, centrifuged, washed and dried to obtain photovoltaic wastewater treatment agent.The wastewater treatment agent of the present application has excellent defluorination performance and can be used for purification of photovoltaic wastewater.

The present invention concerns an industrial chemical process (400f) and an apparatus for carrying out that process. The chemical process integrates into a single, combined method: (i) a method (303, 304) of producing iron and / or manganese from their ores, and (ii) a method (205a, 205b, 207, 208, 209) of producing an oxide or hydroxide of at least one of calcium, magnesium and iron from another ore respectively comprising a carbonate mineral of at least one of calcium, magnesium and iron. This combined method has the iron and / or manganese ore and the other ore comprising the carbonate mineral as its only essential ingredients, with common salt and / or water as optional extra ingredients. The combined method produces iron and / or manganese in elemental form, an oxide or hydroxide derived from the carbonate mineral, and oxygen as its corresponding products. If the iron and / or manganese ore also comprises a siliceous mineral, the method may also produce an alkaline mixture comprising sodium silicate as a co-product. Salt and water act as intermediaries to produce these end-products, but are only consumed if supplied in excess. An amount of sodium oxide, hydroxide and / or carbonate determined by the amount of salt consumed may be produced as a co-product, along with a corresponding amount of at least one of chlorine and hydrochloric acid. An amount of hydrogen determined by the amount of water consumed may also be produced as a co-product, along with an increased amount of oxygen. The iron, manganese and oxygen produced may all be used in steelmaking. Any excess oxygen may be safely vented to atmosphere. The oxide or hydroxide derived from the carbonate mineral may be used in cement manufacture, as a flux in steelmaking and / or as an ingredient in the manufacture of soda-lime glass. The alkaline mixture comprising sodium silicate may be used as an alkaline activator for an alkaline activated or geopolymer cement. The sodium carbonate may be used in the manufacture of soda-lime and / or borosilicate glass, for example. The chlorine and / or hydrochloric acid may be used in the manufacture of chlorinated organic compounds, for example. The hydrogen may be used as a fuel in a hydrogen economy. The method of the invention requires no nett input of heat because the chemical reactions it involves are exothermic overall. It also consumes no fossil fuels and has electricity as its only energy requirement. Thus if the electricity is produced from a source of renewable energy, this method produces no greenhouse gas emissions. In some embodiments, the method can even have a negative carbon footprint overall. The invention is intended to replace existing techniques for producing iron and / or manganese from their ores, including hydrogen-DRI, the calcination of limestone and other carbonate minerals, both in cement manufacture and in the production of lime for other purposes, and the ammonia-soda, or Solvay, process for the production of sodium carbonate. The invention therefore has the potential to eliminate up to about 20% of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. [Fig. 9B]

The application discloses a green separation and extraction process for a waste lithium iron phosphate battery cathode material, relates to the technical field of resource utilization and circular economy of waste lithium ion batteries, and comprises the following steps: adding water to waste lithium iron phosphate battery cathode powder material to form a slurry, adding a sodium hydroxide solution to the slurry to perform an alkali leaching reaction under the condition of 60-80 DEG C, selectively leaching phosphate, performing solid-liquid separation after the reaction, and obtaining a dephosphorized solid and a phosphorus-containing leaching mother liquor; and the dephosphorized solid is washed and then enters an oxidation pretreatment procedure; in the application, the reaction activity is strengthened through pretreatment, the phosphate is preferentially separated and recovered as a high-value sodium phosphate product through selective alkali leaching, the iron valence state is stabilized through oxidation pretreatment, the iron is selectively precipitated through acid leaching and pH regulation, and the iron is further calcined into iron oxide, deep impurity removal and selective lithium precipitation ensure efficient extraction and high purity of battery-grade lithium carbonate, and the closed-circuit circulation and shunt desalination mechanism of the washing liquid and the mother liquor in the process reduce reagent consumption and wastewater discharge.

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic waste silicon regeneration, in particular to a preparation method of a pre-magnesium-silicon-oxygen negative electrode material based on photovoltaic waste silicon recycling, which comprises the following steps: obtaining waste silicon materials from different sources, and immersing the waste silicon materials with the purity of 80-96% into an alkaline solution of a dehydrogenation additive to obtain a pure silicon wafer; soaking the pure silicon wafer in a hydrofluoric acid solution, adding a sodium hydroxide solution, soaking the common-purity silicon wafer in aqua regia, filtering the solution, and locally melting a silicon rod by adopting high-frequency induction heating to obtain high-purity silicon powder with the purity of 99.9999%; the mixture is added into a vacuum furnace to be heated, silicon monoxide steam and magnesium steam are obtained, and SiO / alpha Mg is obtained through condensation; and adding the SiO / alpha Mg material into a CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) furnace to obtain the Mg-SiOx-C composite material. According to the photovoltaic waste silicon disclosed by the invention, the pollution of the photovoltaic waste silicon to the environment is avoided, the secondary pollution easily caused by an immature recovery technology is avoided, the recovery cost is effectively reduced, and the utilization of the photovoltaic waste silicon is improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of wave-absorbing materials, and particularly relates to a ZnO / chitin carbon aerogel composite wave-absorbing material and a preparation method thereof. The method specifically comprises the following steps: adding purified chitin and a zinc oxide dispersion liquid into a mixed solution prepared from sodium hydroxide and urea, and uniformly stirring to obtain a ZnO / chitin aqueous solution; adding epichlorohydrin into the ZnO / chitin aqueous solution, centrifuging, standing at room temperature, heating and aging to obtain ZnO / chitin composite gel; cleaning the ZnO / chitin composite gel to be neutral, and freeze-drying to obtain ZnO / chitin aerogel; and calcining the ZnO / chitin aerogel under the protection of nitrogen, and cooling to obtain the ZnO / chitin carbon aerogel composite wave-absorbing material. The preparation method is low in cost, the indissolvability of chitin is overcome, the problem of impedance mismatch of derived carbon aerogel is solved, and the prepared wave-absorbing material has the characteristics of small thickness and wide frequency band.