Low-smoke low-toxicity flame-retardant hard polyurethane foam material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-smoke low-toxicity flame-retardant hard polyurethane foam material, which comprises 100 parts of polyol, 140-260 parts of isocyanate, 0-35 parts of phosphate, 0-50 partsof flame retardant polyol, 10-45 parts of an inorganic flame retardant complex, 2-5 parts of a foaming agent, 0.5-2 parts of a catalyst, and 0.5-5 parts of a foam stabilizer, wherein the amounts of the phosphate and the flame retardant polyol are not both 0. According to the present invention, the phosphate provides the gas-phase flame retardant effect, the flame retardant polyol is the reactive flame retardant, and can reduce the addition amounts of the phosphate and the inorganic flame retardant while provide the flame retardant effect, and the inorganic flame retardant complex mainly provides effects of condensed phase fire retardation, smoke suppression and toxicity reducing, such that the hard polyurethane foam material with advantages of excellent fire retardation, low smoke generation and low toxic gas generation can be obtained on the basis of the low flame retardant adding amount through the matched use of the three flame retardants; and the low-smoke low-toxicity flame-retardant hard polyurethane foam material has characteristics of good flame retardant performance, low smoke and low toxicity, and the preparation method has characteristics of simpleness, convenience, lowcost and easy operation, and is suitable for industrial production.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of flame retardancy of polyurethane foam materials. It specifically relates to a low-smoke, low-toxicity flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam material and a preparation method thereof. Background technique [0002] With the wide application of rigid polyurethane foam (Rigid Polyurethane Foam, RPUF) materials in building insulation and decoration materials, the fires caused by them are also increasing year by year. 58 people were killed and heavy economic losses were caused by poor quality polyurethane foam insulation materials. Rigid polyurethane foam is a flammable material, and its limiting oxygen index (LOI) is between 16-18%. In the cone calorimetry test (irradiation power is 50kW / m 2 ) Rigid polyurethane foam will be ignited within 2s, so it needs to be flame retardant. At present, the flame retardant modification of rigid polyurethane foam is mainly realized by adding flame retardants and reactiv...

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Problems solved by technology

However, the combustion behavior of these flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams shows that although the addition of these flame retardants can significantly reduce the heat release rate of RPUF and increase the LOI value, they cannot effectively reduce the smoke density, smoke production and CO generation of RPUF. Combustion smoke hazard parameters such as the amount of combustion, some halogen-containing phosphate flame retardants will also increase the smoke hazard of RPUF

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