Pretreatment device and method for crude oil desalination and colloid removal suspended solids
A technology for suspended solids and degumming, which is applied in the petrochemical industry and can solve problems such as affecting the normal operation of distillation units, easily blocking flow-through equipment and pipelines, and affecting the effect of oil-water separation by colloidal suspended solids.
Active Publication Date: 2020-07-07
CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEM CORP +1
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- Abstract
- Description
- Claims
- Application Information
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Problems solved by technology
This is mainly because crude oil contains salt and water, causing great harm to crude oil storage and transportation, processing, product quality and equipment, such as increasing the load on storage and processing equipment, affecting the normal operation of distillation units, corroding equipment, poisoning catalysts and affecting secondary Processed oil quality
[0003] In recent years, with the trend of crude oil becoming inferior and heavy, more crude oil contains a certain amount of colloidal suspended matter, which brings more problems to the dehydration and desalination process of crude oil and subsequent processing equipment. The main manifestations are as follows: ( 1) The colloidal suspended matter in crude oil is suspended in flakes in the oil, which is easy to block the equipment and pipelines flowing through; (2) These colloidal suspended matters are not easily polarized in the traditional electric desalination process, so it is difficult to achieve oil-water desalination. Separation, resulting in incomplete separation of oil and water, and serious entrainment between the two phases; (3) The removal of these colloidal suspended solids, using traditional filtration methods can easily cause filter blockage
[0004] Crude oil treatment in the prior art generally starts with dehydration and desalination: first inject a small amount of water into the oil to wash and dissolve the salt in the oil, and then use the electric desalination and dehydration technology to separate the brine, which has the following problems: (1) The colloidal suspended matter cannot be removed during the electric desalination process, resulting in the unqualified salt content index in the desalted crude oil; (2) The colloidal suspended matter affects the oil-water separation effect, resulting in serious oil-water two-phase entrainment
[0005] The dehydration and desalination of crude oil in the prior art generally adopts the electric desalting method. Firstly, inject a small amount of water into the oil to wash and dissolve the salt in the oil, and then use the electric desalination and dehydration technology to separate the brine. This method has the following problems: (1) The colloidal suspended matter cannot be removed during the electric desalting process, resulting in the unqualified salt content index in the desalted crude oil; (2) The colloidal suspended matter affects the oil-water separation effect, causing the oil-water phase Entrainment is very serious
The principle of this method is to use the principle of filter cloth to filter suspended matter, but there are still problems that the filter cloth is easy to block and cannot be used for a long time
[0008] To sum up, in order to realize the treatment of heavy and inferior crude oil, the removal of colloidal suspended matter is an important part, and new technology and equipment need to be developed to solve the problem of clogging of filter equipment and oil-water pollution caused by the traditional technology of the existing technology. Serious problems such as two mutual phase entrainment
Method used
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Embodiment 1
[0044] Crude oil desalting and decolloid suspension pretreatment device, such as figure 1 As shown, it includes a settling system connected in sequence from bottom to top, a first-stage air flotation removal system and a second-stage air flotation removal system; wherein, the settling system includes an open top with a cylindrical upper part and an inverted cone lower part Shaped liquid tank 101, the taper angle of the inverted tapered part is 12 °, and the liquid tank inlet 102 and the liquid tank outlet 103 are respectively arranged on the cylindrical upper side and the bottom of the inverted tapered tube; the liquid tank inlet 102 is cut To the feed port; the top of the liquid tank 101 is open and communicated with the first-stage air flotation removal system; the first-stage air flotation removal system includes a packing layer I201, and the upper side of the packing layer I201 is provided with a first-stage air flotation removal system. In addition to the system outlet 20...
Embodiment 2
[0047] Pretreatment device for crude oil desalting and colloidal suspension, the liquid tank inlet 102 is provided with two symmetrical tangential feed ports, the cone angle of the inverted cone part is 8°, the porosity of the packing layer I201 is 60-65%, The porosity of the filler layer II 301 is 25% to 30%, and other structures and arrangements are the same as in Example 1.
Embodiment 3
[0049] Pretreatment device for crude oil desalting and colloidal suspension, four symmetrical tangential feed ports are set at the inlet of the liquid tank, the cone angle of the inverted cone part is 5°, the porosity of the packing layer I201 is 65-70%, the packing The porosity of layer II 301 is 30-35%, and other structures and arrangements are the same as those in Example 1.
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pretreatment device and method for crude oil desalination and colloid removal suspended solids. The device comprises a sedimentation system, a first-stage air flotation removal system and at least one second-stage air flotation removal system, wherein the I-stage air floatation removal system comprises a packing layer I, an air dissolving device and an air supplementing device, and the II-stage air floatation removal system comprises a packing layer II, an air-liquid separator, a pressurizing device and a micro-bubble generator. By means of the device, the air floatation removal system utilizes air floatation gas to adhere colloid suspended matters, the colloid suspended matters are removed by the filler layer, and preliminary coarse separation of oil and water isachieved. The removal of salt and colloid suspended matters in the crude oil is coupled into an integral treatment device, so that desalination and colloid suspended matter removal are synchronouslycarried out, and the treatment efficiency is high; and a good foundation is provided for subsequent coalescence and separation treatment of crude oil.
Description
technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of petrochemical industry, and specifically relates to a pretreatment device for desalting crude oil and decolloid suspended matter, and a method for desalting and decolloid suspended matter using the pretreatment device. Background technique [0002] Crude oil contains water and salts such as sodium chloride, calcium chloride, and magnesium chloride. In order not to affect the processing of crude oil, the first step before crude oil enters the factory for processing is desalination and dehydration, so that the water content is 0.1% to 0.2%, and the salt content <5mg / L, and for refineries with residual oil hydrogenation or heavy oil cracking, the requirements are more stringent, and the salt content in raw oil is required to be <3mg / L. This is mainly because crude oil contains salt and water, causing great harm to crude oil storage and transportation, processing, product quality and equipment, such as ...
Claims
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IPC IPC(8): C10G53/02
CPCC10G53/02
Inventor 杨秀娜阮宗琳李经伟何佳金平
Owner CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEM CORP