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Process for making manganese dioxide and its polymorphs reversible

A manganese dioxide, electrochemical technology, applied in secondary batteries, electrochemical generators, active material electrodes, etc., can solve the problem of destroying the reversibility of manganese dioxide electrodes

Pending Publication Date: 2020-12-18
RES FOUND THE CITY UNIV OF NEW YORK
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, these reactions lead to the formation of chertolite and other inactive phases, which destroy the reversibility of the MnO electrode

Method used

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  • Process for making manganese dioxide and its polymorphs reversible
  • Process for making manganese dioxide and its polymorphs reversible
  • Process for making manganese dioxide and its polymorphs reversible

Examples

Experimental program
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Effect test

example 1

[0055] In a first example, a set of combined experiments was performed to show the beneficial effects of the additives. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves are shown in FIG. 3 . A 5 wt.% loading of manganese dioxide (EMD) was used in the mixture, with the remainder being balanced by graphite. Figure 3 (panels a-d) clearly shows that manganese dioxide is irreversible when cycled alone. It degrades to form Mn 3 o 4 the inactive phase. Figure 3 (panels e-h) shows the beneficial effect of adding bismuth oxide (1 wt.%) to the mixture. Figure 3 (panels e and f) shows that the mere presence of bismuth oxide is sufficient to make manganese dioxide rechargeable, as shown in Figure 3 (panels g and h), activation is not necessary. However, activation at a lower potential between -0.6 V and -1 V vs. Hg|HgO is necessary for maximum capacity retention of theoretical capacity. Figure 3 (panels i-l) shows the beneficial effect of adding only copper to the mixture. In this example, copper wa...

example 2

[0057] In a second example, both bismuth oxide and copper were added to the mixture with manganese dioxide. The loading weight percent of manganese dioxide and additives is the same as Example 2. As shown in Figure 4, the presence of two additives is very beneficial in achieving higher capacity retention much faster than simply having additives independent of each other. When manganese dioxide was cycled between -1 V and 0.3 V vs. Hg|HgO with both additives, the capacity retention was 100% of the theoretical capacity of manganese dioxide.

example 3

[0059] In a third example, as shown in FIG. 5 , manganese dioxide, bismuth oxide, and copper were subjected to constant current cycling with the same loading weight % as in the previous examples. A combined approach is also used in this example. In the absence of additives, the capacity retention of manganese dioxide is very poor. Addition of bismuth oxide imparted rechargeability; however, capacity retention was much better when cycled between -1 V and 0.3 V vs. Hg|HgO. The added copper was shown to be the most important additive since copper alone imparts reversibility and more excellent capacity retention when cycled to −0.6 V or −1 V vs. Hg|HgO. The theoretical full capacity retention is much faster when both bismuth oxide and copper are used together.

[0060] Having described various methods and apparatus, certain embodiments may include, but are not limited to:

[0061] In a first embodiment, an electrode comprises: a manganese oxide compound; selected from the group...

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Abstract

A method of forming a layered manganese dioxide for use in a cathode of a battery comprises disposing a cathode into a housing of an electrochemical cell, disposing an anode into the housing, disposing a polymeric separator between the anode and the cathode such that the anode and the cathode are electrically separated, adding an alkaline electrolyte to the housing, cycling the electrochemical cell into the 2nd electron capacity of the manganese dioxide, and forming a layered manganese dioxide having a layered manganese dioxide structure with the one or more additives incorporated into the layered manganese dioxide structure. The cathode comprising a cathode material comprising: a manganese dioxide compound, one or more additives selected from the group consisting of bismuth, copper, tin,lead, silver, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, aluminum, potassium, lithium, calcium, gold, antimony, iron, zinc, and combinations thereof, and a conductive carbon.

Description

[0001] Cross References to Related Applications [0002] This application claims U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 538,194, entitled "Making Manganese Dioxide and Its Polymorphs Reversible," filed July 28, 2017 by Gautam G. Yadav et al. priority of the Provisional Patent Application, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. [0003] Statement of Federally Sponsored Research or Development [0004] This invention was made with Government support under Grant No. DEAR0000150 awarded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The government has certain rights in this invention. Background technique [0005] Manganese dioxide is an important material used in many applications. It is mainly used in battery applications such as lithium-ion batteries and alkaline batteries. In organic electrolytes, ionic liquids, and alkaline electrolytes, it exhibits a series of chemical reactions. For example, in alkaline electrolytes, manganese dioxide and its polymorphs unde...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): H01M4/26H01M4/04H01M4/50H01M4/62H01M10/28H01M4/08H01M6/04
CPCH01M4/04H01M4/08H01M4/26H01M4/364H01M4/50H01M4/625H01M4/628H01M10/24H01M10/28H01M6/04H01M10/4235Y02E60/10Y02P70/50H01M4/0445H01M4/0447H01M4/62H01M10/288H01M6/045H01M2300/0014H01M4/0438H01M4/626H01M2004/028
Inventor 乔达摩·G·亚达夫霞·魏迈克尔·尼斯S·巴内尔杰尔
Owner RES FOUND THE CITY UNIV OF NEW YORK
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