A method for breeding rice with super large panicle type based on morphological markers

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for breeding super-large panicle rice based on morphological markers, and belongs to the technical field of plant breeding. The present invention selects medicinal wild rice and cultivated rice distant sexual hybridization, F 1 On the basis of the in vitro culture of young panicles of plants to break through the sterility of distant hybrid offspring and obtain fertile hybrid offspring, purple pistil and purple lemma tips at the heading stage were used as morphological markers at the low generation, and the self-bred population was tested at the heading stage. Authenticity of field hybridization of one strain, using the helical twist at the base of the panicle as a morphological marker for super-large panicles. In the large populations of backcrossing and selfing in the later stage, the authenticity of wild hybridization of each plant in the population is checked through purple pistils and purple lemma tips at the heading stage, and the helical twist at the base of the panicle is used as a morphological marker for super large panicles, which is fast and accurate in large populations Identify oversized spikes. Utilizing the invention not only saves manpower, material resources and energy, but also shortens the breeding cycle.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant breeding, and in particular relates to a method for breeding super-large panicle rice based on morphological markers. Background technique [0002] Improving rice yield has always been an important task and goal of rice breeding. The two major breakthroughs in rice breeding research benefited from the discovery and utilization of new genetic germplasm resources and their excellent traits. At present, the utilization of genetic resources of rice cultivars has become increasingly saturated, and many improved varieties have the same or similar genetic sources, resulting in genetic unity. a breakthrough. [0003] Increasing the yield per unit area of ​​rice is the fundamental guarantee and inevitable choice for increasing the total rice yield. Rice yield per unit area is mainly composed of three components: tiller number, grain number per panicle and thousand-grain weight. At present, from the analy...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Due to the poor compatibility between the medicinal wild rice of the CC genome and the cultivated rice of the AA genome, hybrid sterility is produced, and it is difficult to produce fertile offspring. Therefore, it is not easy to transfer and utilize the excellent traits of the medicinal wild rice only through sexual hybridization

At the same time, there are linkages between excellent traits and bad traits in the offspring of wild hybrids, the segregation generation is long, and the excellent traits are not obvious in the lower generations, making it difficult to accurately distinguish the excellent traits in the lower generations, which increases the excellent traits of the medicinal wild rice extremely heavy panicle The difficulty of being able to choose to exploit

In the process of backcrossing, it is necessary to timely and accurately identify the super large spikes used for backcrossing in large groups of backcrossing and self-crossing. Due to the short interval between the heading stage and the flowering stage, if the conventional method is to plant them in the field one by one Counting the number of grains per ear is not only time-consuming, but also unrealistic in the hot season, which increases the difficulty of identifying super-large ears in the field; if all the ears are retrieved and tested for planting, it will not only increase the workload, but also lose the opportunity of backcrossing in the field , which prolongs the breeding cycle; the actual measurement shows that the number of grains per ear is not related to the length of the ear. Therefore, if the super-large ear is judged by measuring the ear length, there will be errors, and the real super-large ear will be missed.

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