Morphological marker-based oversized panicle type rice breeding method

Abstract

The invention discloses a morphological marker-based oversized panicle type rice breeding method, and belongs to the technical field of plant breeding. On the basis of obtaining a fertile filial generation by selecting distant sexual hybridization of oryza officinalis and cultivated rice and breaking through sterility of the distant filial generation through in-vitro culture of young panicles of F1 plants, purple pistils and purple cover tips in heading stage are used as morphological markers in a low generation; and wild-borne hybridization authenticity of each plant in the group is checked in the heading period of a selfing group, and the spiral distortion of a panicle base is used as the morphological marker of the oversized panicle. In each large backcross and selfing population in thelater period, the wild-borne hybridization authenticity of each plant in the population is checked through the purple pistils and the purple cover tips in the heading period, the spiral distortion ofthe base is used as the morphological marker of the oversized panicle, and the the oversized panicle is rapidly and accurately identified in the large population. By utilizing the method, manpower, material resources and energy are saved, and the breeding period is shortened.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant breeding, and in particular relates to a method for breeding super-large panicle rice based on morphological markers. Background technique [0002] Improving rice yield has always been an important task and goal of rice breeding. The two major breakthroughs in rice breeding research benefited from the discovery and utilization of new genetic germplasm resources and their excellent traits. At present, the utilization of genetic resources of rice cultivars has become increasingly saturated, and many improved varieties have the same or similar genetic sources, resulting in genetic unity. a breakthrough. [0003] Increasing the yield per unit area of ​​rice is the fundamental guarantee and inevitable choice for increasing the total rice yield. Rice yield per unit area is mainly composed of three components: tiller number, grain number per panicle and thousand-grain weight. At present, from the analy...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Due to the poor compatibility between the medicinal wild rice of the CC genome and the cultivated rice of the AA genome, hybrid sterility is produced, and it is difficult to produce fertile offspring. Therefore, it is not easy to transfer and utilize the excellent traits of the medicinal wild rice only through sexual hybridization

At the same time, there are linkages between excellent traits and bad traits in the offspring of wild hybrids, the segregation generation is long, and the excellent traits are not obvious in the lower generations, making it difficult to accurately distinguish the excellent traits in the lower generations, which increases the excellent traits of the medicinal wild rice extremely heavy panicle The difficulty of being able to choose to exploit

In the process of backcrossing, it is necessary to timely and accurately identify the super large spikes used for backcrossing in large groups of backcrossing and self-crossing. Due to the short interval between the heading stage and the flowering stage, if the conventional method is to plant them in the field one by one Counting the number of grains per ear is not only time-consuming, but also unrealistic in the hot season, which increases the difficulty of identifying super-large ears in the field; if all the ears are retrieved and tested for planting, it will not only increase the workload, but also lose the opportunity of backcrossing in the field , which prolongs the breeding cycle; the actual measurement shows that the number of grains per ear is not related to the length of the ear. Therefore, if the super-large ear is judged by measuring the ear length, there will be errors, and the real super-large ear will be missed.

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