Castanea mollissima-millet three-dimensional interplanting method based on shade-tolerant millet

Abstract

The invention discloses a castanea mollissima-millet three-dimensional interplanting method based on shade-tolerant millet. The method is characterized in that three-dimensional interplanting of castanea mollissima and millet is carried out based on breeding of the new shade-tolerant millet variety, and the breeding of the new shade-tolerant millet variety adopts a brand-new multi-channel collaborative fusion breeding method to carry out systematic precise breeding of the new shade-tolerant millet variety based on comprehensive indexes comprising a character index, a molecular index and a hybridization index. According to the method, mutualism of the castanea mollissima and the millet is achieved, the two plants of the castanea mollissima and the millet can exert the maximum yield increasing and value increasing potential of the castanea mollissima and the millet, powerful technical support is provided for three-dimensional interplanting of the castanea mollissima and the millet, quality improvement of the castanea mollissima and yield increase of the millet, and good social and economic benefits are achieved.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a method for breeding new shade-tolerant millet varieties, coupling key growth stages of chestnuts and millet, and matching key management measures under the three-dimensional interplanting planting mode of chestnuts and valleys. Background technique [0002] my country's chestnut planting area is about 10 million mu, with a total output of about 1.5 million tons. Among the 31 provinces and autonomous regions in the country, 24 provinces and cities have planted chestnuts. Among them, there are 20 counties and cities with an annual output of more than 1 million kilograms, including Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. There are 9 regions, accounting for 45% of the country. The chestnut industry has become the leading characteristic industry in these regions and occupies a pivotal position in the county's economic development. [0003] The chestnut planting areas are all mountainou...

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Problems solved by technology

[0003] The chestnut planting areas are all mountainous counties, and the shortage of land resources is a common feature of these areas. Due to the lack of suitable interplanting crops, a large amount of land under chestnut trees has been abandoned all year round, overgrown with weeds, and serious pests and diseases, especially the damage of red spiders. , not only caused the production of chestnut and other fruits to decrease, but also the rate of bad fruit increased year by year, and the quality decreased year by year, which seriously affected the income of farmers and had a great impact on brands such as Jingdong chestnut; it is urgent to grow normally under the tree and reduce red Three-dimensional planting of new varieties of crops that are harmed by pests and diseases such as spiders to improve the quality of fruits and under-tree crops, realize efficient use of the land under the trees, solve the problems of land shortage and difficult development of agriculture-related industries in these areas, and improve the quality of farmers. income, and speed up the progress of farmers towards a well-off life

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, farmers voluntarily interplant soybeans, peanuts, corn, sorghum and other crops under the trees. However, since chestnut orchards are mostly located in shallow hilly areas, the soil is barren, dry and rainless, and soybeans and peanuts need to be planted on soil with better soil quality. In addition, there is a lack of shade-tolerant soybean and peanut varieties, and the growth vigor of soybean and peanut under chestnut trees is relatively poor. Not only is the yield low, and the per unit yield is less than 75kg / mu, but also due to the long growth period of soybean and peanut, it affects the picking of walnuts. It is difficult to achieve the coupling of key growth stages; while corn and sorghum plants are tall, and due to the lack of shade-tolerant varieties, interplanting with chestnut trees, the stems are thin and weak, not resistant to lodging, the yield is low and unstable, and there is also a long growth period, which affects Walnut picking, it is difficult to achieve the coupling of key growth stages

However, not all millet varieties are suitable for three-dimensional interplanting with chestnuts and other fruit trees. The test results show that most varieties and chestnuts are interplanted due to lack of light, showing that the plants become taller (10-20cm higher than the field), serious diseases, and excessive leaves. They turn yellow and dry early, have poor firmness, low yield per mu, less than 120 kg; at the same time, we have also screened some breeding materials, which are interplanted with chestnut. Compared with the field, the plant height hardly changes, and the green branches and green leaves are mature, and 10 The three-dimensional interplanting of chestnuts aged 15 years old has the same yield as that of the field, and the three-dimensional interplanting of 15-year-old chestnuts has a slightly lower yield than that of the field. However, these materials have problems such as low yields and deviations in disease resistance. Therefore, it is urgent to breed new millet with good shade tolerance. Varieties / hybrids provide technical support in terms of varieties for carrying out three-dimensional interplanting of chestnut valleys and solving the problems of a large amount of idle land under the trees in chestnut orchards, waste, and serious pests and weeds, so as to improve the quality of chestnuts, increase the yield of millet, and improve the planting efficiency of farmers. It also provides a feasible way to expand the planting area of ​​millet and restore and develop the millet industry

[0006] In addition, the three-dimensional intercropping of chestnut valley needs to plant two crops of chestnut and millet on the same land at the same time. Only when the key stages of fertilizer and water requirements of the two crops overlap, that is, the key development stages are basically the same, can fertilizer, water, and pests and diseases be simultaneously controlled. Field management such as prevention and control can form complementary or mutual promotion in some aspects of chestnut and millet, so as to achieve mutual benefit and symbiosis. Otherwise, various managements are inconsistent, not only management is labor-intensive and time-consuming, but also there are management measures that are beneficial to one plant. However, the possibility of another plant is suppressed, and the effect of the three-dimensional planting of chestnut valley is difficult to be reflected. Therefore, it is urgent to invent a method that can ensure that the key management measures of chestnut and millet under the three-dimensional interplanting of chestnut valley are consistent.

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