Urine gene expression ratios for detection of cancer
a technology of cancer and gene expression, applied in the field of bladder cancer detection, can solve the problems of poor sensitivity (9-25%), time-consuming and laborious techniques, and about 10 percent of cancers that are not detected
Inactive Publication Date: 2009-04-16
PACIFIC EDGE BIOTECH LTD
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Problems solved by technology
However, this technique is time consuming, invasive and its sensitivity is only approximately 90%, meaning that about 10 percent of cancers are not detected using these methods.
Although cytology has a specificity of about 95%, it has poor sensitivity (9-25%) for low-grade lesions, is extremely dependent on sample quality and suffers from high inter-observer variability.
Tests for these markers offer better sensitivity than cytology, but tend to suffer from sub-optimal specificity because elevated levels of these markers are also commonly observed in patients with non-malignant diseases including inflammation, urolithiasis and benign prostatic hyperplasia.
One drawback associated with urine testing is that individual marker levels can vary significantly with: (i) different urine collection methods (catheterised, voided, urine pellets); (ii) the diurnal timing of urine sampling; (iii) the point of sampling during voiding (e.g. midstream vs end sample); and (iv) urine concentration associated with varying fluid intake, kidney function or diseases that affect plasma volume.
These variations have the potential to lead to false positive and false negative tests.
Although some of this variation can be reduced using strict standard operating procedures, patient compliance with these procedures can be unreliable.
The effect of varying urine concentration can, in some instances, be accounted for by assessing marker levels relative to urinary creatinine, however, this increases the cost and complexity of testing, particularly when sample preparation or storage methods differ for marker detection and creatinine measurement.
Method used
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[0130]The examples described herein are for purposes of illustrating embodiments of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Other embodiments, methods and types of analyses are within the scope of persons of ordinary skill in the molecular diagnostic arts and need not be described in detail hereon. Other embodiments within the scope of the art that are based on the teachings herein are considered to be part of this invention.
Methods
Tumour Collection
[0131]Bladder tumour samples and non-malignant urothelium samples were collected from surgical specimens resected at Kyoto University Hospital, Japan.
Urine Collection
[0132]Urine samples from non-malignant controls and bladder cancer patients were obtained from Kyoto University Hospital, Japan. Healthy control samples were obtained from Japanese volunteers (FIG. 1).
RNA Extraction
[0133]Tumour tissues were homogenized in a TriReagent:water (3:1) mix, then chloroform extracted. Total RNA was then purified from ...
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This invention relates to methods for determining the presence of cancer in a subject based on the analysis of the expression levels of an under-expressed tumour marker (TM) and at least one other TM. Specifically, this invention relates to the determination of a cancer, particularly bladder cancer, by performing ratio, regression or classification analysis of the expression levels of at least one under-expressed TM, particularly an under-expressed bladder TM (BTM), and at least one over-expressed TM, particularly an over-expressed BTM. In various aspects, the invention telates to kits and devices for carrying out these methods.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD[0001]This invention relates to detection of cancer. Specifically, the invention relates to the use of markers for the detection of bladder cancer. More specifically, this invention relates to use of an under-expressed marker in combination with at least one other marker for the detection of bladder cancer.BACKGROUND[0002]Survival of cancer patients is greatly enhanced when the cancer is treated early. In the case of bladder cancer, patients diagnosed with early stage disease have 5-year survival rates of >90%, compared to approximately 15-30% for patients diagnosed with advanced disease. Therefore, developments that lead to early diagnosis of bladder cancer can lead to an improved prognosis for the patients. The established method for detecting bladder cancer using urine samples is cytology. However, cytology is known to be only about 75% sensitive for detecting invasive bladder cancer and only about 25% sensitive for detecting superficial bladder cancer (Lotan an...
Claims
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Login to View More IPC IPC(8): C12Q1/68C12Q1/00C12M1/34C12Q1/02
CPCC12Q2600/118C12Q2600/158C12Q1/6886G01N33/57407G16H50/20Y02A90/10C12Q1/6813C12Q2600/16
InventorGUILFORD, PARRY JOHN
OwnerPACIFIC EDGE BIOTECH LTD