Nitrated non-cyclic N-Alkane scaffolds with differentiated-mean combustive equivalencies as high energy density fuel improvers

Abstract

A non-ring, non-alkene, nitrated n-alkane base scaffold combined with at least one trioxynitrate provides a differentiated-mean combustive performance in a stabilized and sufficiently polar molecule as to be miscible, and thus serve as a high-energy-density component of a fuel additive that, when mixed with existing fuels at appropriate dilution ratios, will impart equivalent combustive efficiency to that of standardized, petroleum distillate, gasoline and diesel in various blends including aviation fuel and heating oil over the full-temperature-range of use; and a specific embodiment of this non-ring, non-alkene nitrated n-alkane base scaffold is described which, when blended with a petroleum diesel, biodiesel, or combination of B-20 standard biodiesel (80% diesel, 20% biodiesel) wherein the additive comprises less than 5% of the total mix, produces at least a 10% or greater combustive energy density as compared to the base fuel.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0001]Fuel production for internal combustion engines has focused on providing fuels with narrowly-differentiated mean combustive efficiencies; and more particularly on producing mixtures that use extremely uniform combustive processes (boiling point) to produce the combustive energy. Each of aviation, gasoline, diesel, biodiesel, marine, and heating fuels are fractionated into equivalency groups with the combustive mean generally aiming for a given ‘octane number’ or ‘cetane number’ for all parts of the combustive activity.[0002]On-road and off-road consumption of diesel fuel in the U.S. are each about 40 billion gallons a year. Diesel fuel refineries have been operating at over ninety percent capacity for the last ten years. The American Trucking Association states that there are over 10 million large trucks and buses registered in the US, mostly with diesel engines, operated by 750,000 companies. Worldwide diesel fuel demand has been increasing at a fas...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0036]It is a principal object of the present invention to provide a multi-functional, high-energy-density fuel additive (hereinafter HEDFA) which by combining differentiated, yet stable combustive processes, can be added to existing lower-energy-density fuels in proportion to meet desired combustive efficiency.

Problems solved by technology

One of the chief problems of biodiesel fuels has been their inherently high cloud point, relative to petroleum-derived diesel fuels.

Biodiesel's utility has been seen as limited, as the fuels’ cloud points were so high as to limit their use to the tropics or other hot climates or locations.

The principle limits on the fuels used in diesel engines are the ability of the fuel to flow along the fuel lines, and the ability of the fuel to lubricate the injector pump and injectors adequately.

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