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Molecular precursor methods and articles for optoelectronics

a technology of optoelectronics and precursors, applied in the field of optoelectronics, can solve the problems of lack of uniformity of cigs layers, complex cigs materials, and limited use of optoelectronic or solar cell products, and achieve the effect of improving processability for solar cell production

Inactive Publication Date: 2011-06-23
PRECURSOR ENERGETICS
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0014]The molecular precursor compounds and compositions of this disclosure can provide enhanced processability for solar cell production, and the ability to be processed on a variety of substrates including polymers at relatively low temperatures.

Problems solved by technology

Thus, the usefulness of an optoelectronic or solar cell product is in general limited by the nature and quality of the photovoltaic layers.
In general, CIGS materials are complex, having many possible solid phases.
The difficulties with these approaches include lack of uniformity of the CIGS layers, such as the appearance of different solid phases, imperfections in crystalline particles, voids, cracks, and other defects in the layers.
Another problem in some processes is the inability to precisely control the stoichiometric ratios of the metal atoms in the layers.
A further difficulty is the need to heat the substrate to high temperatures to finish the film.
This can cause unwanted defects due to rapid chemical or physical transformation of the layers.
High temperatures may also limit the nature of the substrate that can be used.
Polymer substrates may not be compatible with the high temperatures needed to process the semiconductor layers.
Moreover, methods for large scale manufacturing of solar cells can be difficult because of the chemical processes involved.
In general, large scale processes for solar cells are unpredictable because of the difficulty in controlling numerous chemical and physical parameters involved in forming an absorber layer of suitable quality on a substrate, as well as forming the other layers required to make an efficient solar cell and provide electrical conductivity.

Method used

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  • Molecular precursor methods and articles for optoelectronics
  • Molecular precursor methods and articles for optoelectronics
  • Molecular precursor methods and articles for optoelectronics

Examples

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example 1

Molecular Precursor Compounds

[0455]An MP1 molecular precursor represented by the formula Cu—(StBu)3IniPr was synthesized using the following procedure. A 100 mL Schlenk tube was charged with iPr2In(StBu) (1.68 g, 6.1 mmol) and Cu(StBu) (0.93 g, 6.1 mmol) in an inert atmosphere glovebox. To this mixture was added 20 mL of dry toluene via cannula transfer using a Schlenk line. The mixture was heated until it became homogeneous. One equivalent of HStBu (0.7 mL, 6.1 mmol) was added via syringe and the Schlenk tube was kept under static N2. The mixture was heated for about 12-14 h at 60° C. with stirring. The solution was then filtered warm and crystals began to form at room temperature. The solution was cooled at −60° C. for 16 hours. Yellow crystalline solid was isolated, 1.4 g, yield 47%. Elemental analysis: C, 36.2; H, 6.7; Cu, 13.0; In, 23.9; S, 18.0. NMR: (1H) 1.66 (br s 34H); (13C) 23.15 (s); 26.64 (s); 37.68 (s); 47.44 (s). Solubility: pentane, nil; diethyl ether, ss, benzene, s ...

example 2

[0460]An MP1 molecular precursor represented by the formula Cu—(StBu)3InnBu was synthesized using the following procedure. A 100 mL Schlenk tube was charged with nBu2In(StBu) (1.8 g, 5.8 mmol) and Cu(StBu) (0.89 g, 5.8 mmol) in an inert atmosphere glovebox. To this mixture was added 20 mL of dry toluene via cannula transfer using a Schlenk line. The mixture was heated until it became homogeneous. One equivalent of HStBu (0.65 mL, 5.8 mmol) was added via syringe and the Schlenk tube was kept under static N2. The mixture was heated for about 12-14 hours at 100° C. with stirring. The solution was then allowed to cool to room temperature and filtered. The solvent was removed under vacuum, and the product was extracted with pentane. The pentane extract was concentrated and cooled for about 12-14 hours at −60° C. to yield pale yellow crystals. Yield, 1.4 g, 48%. NMR: (1H) 1.006 (m, 3H); 1.44 (m, 2H) 1.56 (m, 2H), 1.68 (br s, 27H); 1.998 (m, 2H); (13C) 13.86 (s); 23.13 (s); 28.54 (s); 30.5...

example 3

[0465]An MP1 molecular precursor represented by the formula Cu—(SetBu)3InnBu was synthesized using the following procedure. tBuSeH (8.8 mmol) was slowly added to a pentane solution (30 mL) of nBu3In (1.67 g, 5.8 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 12 h, and the solvent and excess tBuSeH were removed under dynamic vacuum. A colorless oil of nBu2In(SetBu) was obtained and was then combined with CuSetBu (1.17 g, 5.8 mmol) with 40 mL of toluene. tBuSeH (2.10 g, 5.8 mmol) was slowly added to the reaction mixture, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 60° C. for about 12-14 hours. A deep red solution was formed. The solvent was removed under dynamic vacuum and the remaining solid was extracted with pentane (60 mL) and filtered. Concentration of the filtrate to 20 mL and storage at −60° C. in a freezer afforded 2.02 g (54%) of yellow crystals. NMR: (1H) 1.00 (t, 3H, 3JHH=7.6), 1.54 (m, 2H), 1.80 (s, 29H), 2.01 (m, 2H) in C6D6; (13C) 13.9, 21.6, 28.4, 30.7, 37.9 in C6D6; (77Se) 1...

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Abstract

This invention relates to compounds and compositions used to prepare semiconductor and optoelectronic materials and devices. This invention provides a range of compounds, compositions, materials and methods directed ultimately toward photovoltaic applications, as well as devices and systems for energy conversion, including solar cells. In particular, this invention relates to molecular precursor compounds, precursor materials and methods for preparing photovoltaic layers.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This application is a continuation of prior U.S. application Ser. No. 12 / 848,961, filed Aug. 2, 2010, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61 / 287,677, filed Dec. 17, 2009, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.BACKGROUND[0002]The development of photovoltaic devices such as solar cells is important for providing a renewable source of energy and many other uses. The demand for power is ever-rising as the human population increases. In many geographic areas, solar cells may be the only way to meet the demand for power. The total energy from solar light impinging on the earth for one hour is about 4×1020 joules. It has been estimated that one hour of total solar energy is as much energy as is used worldwide for an entire year. Thus, billions of square meters of efficient solar cell devices will be needed.[0003]Photovoltaic devices are made by a variety of processes in which layers of semicon...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): H01L31/0272B05C5/00B05C9/08B05D3/02B05D3/12C23C16/44C23C16/50H01L21/46C25D17/00C25D5/54C25D7/00C25D5/00
CPCC07F5/00C09D11/03C23C18/1287C23C18/1204C23C18/1241C23C16/305
Inventor FUJDALA, KYLE L.CHOMITZ, WAYNE A.ZHU, ZHONGLIANGKUCHTA, MATTHEW C.
Owner PRECURSOR ENERGETICS
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