Process and Apparatus for Utilizing Oxygen-Containing Polymers
a technology of oxygen-containing polymers and process equipment, applied in the direction of chemistry apparatus and processes, chemical/physical/physical-chemical stationary reactors, chemical/physical/physical-chemical processes, etc., can solve the problems of inferior quality of products obtained, inconvenience and cost, and still not entirely avoidabl
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example 1
[0075]A heatable stirred reactor made of special grade steel is charged with solid sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and solid sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in a molar ratio of 1:8, and this initial charge is heated with mixing until a homogeneous melt has formed.
[0076]The melt is then adjusted to a temperature of 352° C., which corresponds to the experimentally ascertained liquidus temperature for this mixing ratio, and maintained very close to this temperature, i.e., at most only slightly above this temperature.
[0077]From a stock reservoir chamber, solid polyethylene terephthalate chaff particles from waste bottles are added a little at a time into the upper part of the reactor and to the melt with rapid stirring. This ensures good contacting of the particles with the melt.
[0078]The air in the stock reservoir vessels used is previously dispelled by means of inert gas in order thereby to ensure substantial exclusion of oxygen. The space in the reactor above the melt is also kept substantially ox...
example 2
[0081]In a stirred reactor as used in Example 1, solid sodium carbonate and solid sodium hydroxide are mixed in a molar ratio of 1:4 and heated until a homogeneous melt has formed.
[0082]The mixture is adjusted to a temperature of 432° C., which corresponds to the experimentally ascertained liquidus point of this composition. During the reaction, the melt is maintained as close as possible above this temperature.
[0083]From a stock reservoir chamber under inert gas a mixture of solid polyethylene terephthalate chaff from waste bottles and solid granular NaOH in a weight ratio of 1:4 is added a little at a time to the melt with rapid stirring.
[0084]During the start of the reaction, an inert gas atmosphere is maintained above the melt, but the inert gas feed is discontinued once the reaction is in progress. The constant addition of further solid granular NaOH together with the solid PET chaff ensures that the melt composition and the melt volume remain constant while the volume of Na2CO...
example 3
[0087]A reactor as used in Examples 1 and 2 is supplied with polyethylene terephthalate chaff and sodium hydroxide as starting materials from separate stock reservoir chambers. The two streams of material are each preheated separately. The NaOH is preheated to above its melting point, so that it can be added in liquid form.
[0088]In one version, the starting materials are introduced into the reactor above the surface of the reaction mixture, so that they free-fall into the reaction mixture.
[0089]In another version, the two streams are introduced underneath the surface of the molten mixture, directly into the melt. The crystallizing and settling out of the sodium carbonate formed is speeded by applying a temperature gradient in the reactor. The lower part of the melt is maintained at a temperature of 320° C., the upper part at 500° C.
[0090]The sodium carbonate formed is discharged with the aid of a screw.
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