Stabilized shear thickening electrolyte
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example 1
[0084]In this example we explored the use of a surfactant, stability in an electrochemical cell and identified functional groups with suitable stability during cycling. This data points to surfactants which would stabilize materials against flocculation or sedimentation. The choice of surfactant will depend on the surface charge of the ceramic particle. In this experiment the anionic surfactant alkyl ether phosphate was added at 1.0 vol % (0.42 wt % surfactant) to a 3:7 EC / DMC solution and dried over molecular sieves. Subsequently, LiPF6 salt was added to make a 1.1 M electrolyte solution. A coin cell configuration was used with a NMC cathode vs. graphite anode separated by Dreamweaver Gold 40 separator impregnated with the electrolyte+surfactant solution. This cell had excellent cycle performance, FIG. 1, indicating alkyl ether phosphate containing surfactants would be a good candidate to stabilize the particles against flocculation.
example 2
[0086]In this experiment the anionic surfactant polyacrylic acid with a molecular weight of 5000 was added at 1.0 vol % (0.41 wt % surfactant) to a 3:7 EC / DMC solution and dried over molecular sieves. Subsequently, LiPF6 salt was added to make a 1.1 M electrolyte solution. A coin cell configuration was used with a NMC cathode vs. graphite anode separated by Dreamweaver Gold 40 separator impregnated with the electrolyte+surfactant solution. This cell had good cycle performance, FIG. 2, indicating polyacrylic acid containing surfactants would be a good candidate to stabilize the particles against flocculation.
[0087]FIG. 2 shows polyacrylic acid mw 5000 was added at 1.0 vol % to a 3:7 EC / DMC solution and dried over molecular sieves. Subsequently, LiPF6 salt was added to make a 1.1 M electrolyte solution. A coin cell configuration was used with a NMC cathode vs. graphite anode separated by Dreamweaver Gold 40 separator impregnated with the electrolyte+surfactant solution.
example 3
[0088]In this experiment the anionic surfactant polyacrylic acid-polyethylene glycol was added at 1.0 vol % (0.83 wt % surfactant) to a 3:7 EC / DMC solution and dried over molecular sieves. Subsequently, LiPF6 salt was added to make a 1.1 M electrolyte solution. A coin cell configuration was used with a NMC cathode vs. graphite anode separated by Dreamweaver Gold 40 separator impregnated with the electrolyte+surfactant solution. This cell had good cycle performance, FIG. 3, indicating polyacrylic acid containing surfactants would be a good candidate to stabilize the particles against flocculation.
[0089]FIG. 3 shows polyacrylic acid-polyethylene glycol was added at 1.0 vol % to a 3:7 EC / DMC solution and dried over molecular sieves. Subsequently, LiPF6 salt was added to make a 1.1 M electrolyte solution. A coin cell configuration was used with a NMC cathode vs. graphite anode separated by Dreamweaver Gold 40 separator impregnated with the electrolyte+surfactant solution.
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