86results about How to "Constant efficiency" patented technology

The present disclosure generally relates to compositions, and related devices and methods, useful in vaporizing devices such as electronic cigarettes. The composition may comprise nicotine, at least one solvent, and at least one ion pairing agent, and may be vaporized to form a condensation aerosol, wherein inhalation of the aerosol allows for deposition of nicotine with the respiratory system, including deep lung deposition. The vaporizing device may comprise a vaporization unit, a battery, and an integrated circuit coupled to the battery, wherein the integrated circuit is configured to control the battery for rapid initial vaporization without overheating, producing thermal degradation products, or draining battery energy. The battery may operate with pulse width modulation for at least a portion of the time the vaporizing device is being used.

An elevator machine (12) has a plurality of identical transverse flux rotor/stator modules (28-30) of a generally cylindrical configuration arranged contiguously on a common shaft (21) to provide torque to the shaft equal to the torque capability of the modules times the number of modules. A disc brake (49) is integrated with the motor; a two-sided brake disc (49) has friction pads (92, 93) on both sides, braking force being applied to motor end plate (14) and through the brake disc to a stator (60) of one phase (30) of the motor. A process (113) forms variously-sized motors from identically sized modular components, in various configurations (12, 100, 110).

A magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) device and fabrication method is disclosed. In a particular embodiment, an apparatus is disclosed that includes an MTJ device. The MTJ device includes a free layer and a spin torque enhancing layer. The spin torque enhancing layer includes a nano-oxide layer.

A centrifugal compressor assembly for compressing refrigerant in a 250-ton capacity or larger chiller system comprising a motor, preferably a compact, high energy density motor or permanent magnet motor, for driving a shaft at a range of sustained operating speeds under the control of a variable speed drive. Another embodiment of the centrifugal compressor assembly comprises a mixed flow impeller and a vaneless diffuser sized such that a final stage compressor operates with an optimal specific speed range for targeted combinations of head and capacity, while a non-final stage compressor operates above the optimum specific speed of the final stage compressor. Another embodiment of the centrifugal compressor assembly comprises an integrated inlet flow conditioning assembly comprising a flow conditioning nose, a plurality of inlet guide vanes and a flow conditioning body that positions inlet guide vanes to condition flow of refrigerant into an impeller to achieve a target approximately constant angle swirl distribution with minimal guide vane turning.

A bone piece collector wherein a blade (4) coming into tight contact with the surface of a filter (2) under an appropriate pressure is provided in order to prevent lowering in the efficiency of suction work due to sampled bone chips adhering to the surface of the filter (2) in the bone piece collector provided in a suction line in order to sample a bone, i.e. a transplantation material in autologous bone transplantation, the blade (4) is rotated while being pressed against the surface of the filter (2) with a finger pressure or a motor drive force, and the sampled bone chips are moved in a certain direction so that clogging of the filter (2) is eliminated and the suction efficiency can be recovered at any time.

An amplifier circuit 11 comprises an amplifier 12, an indicator of desired power 15, a power control circuit 14 and a power measuring circuit 13. The amplifier 12 amplifies an input signal to produce an output signal, and has an input for controlling a supply current I and an input for receiving a supply voltage V and supply current I, for driving the amplifier. The power control circuit calculates and applies values of both a supply voltage V and a supply current I, according to any one of a plurality of desired power levels, in order to operate the amplifier with maximum efficiency over a wide range of power levels. The power control circuit may further comprise a power control loop whereby adjustment of the output power can also be effected according to a measurement of output power and a desired level of output power.

A centrifugal compressor assembly for compressing refrigerant in a 250-ton capacity or larger chiller system comprising a motor, preferably a compact, high energy density motor or permanent magnet motor, for driving a shaft at a range of sustained operating speeds under the control of a variable speed drive. Another embodiment of the centrifugal compressor assembly comprises a mixed flow impeller and a vaneless diffuser sized such that a final stage compressor operates with an optimal specific speed range for targeted combinations of head and capacity, while a non-final stage compressor operates above the optimum specific speed of the final stage compressor. Another embodiment of the centrifugal compressor assembly comprises an integrated inlet flow conditioning assembly comprising a flow conditioning nose, a plurality of inlet guide vanes and a flow conditioning body that positions inlet guide vanes to condition flow of refrigerant into an impeller to achieve a target approximately constant angle swirl distribution with minimal guide vane turning.

A centrifugal compressor assembly for compressing refrigerant in a 250-ton capacity or larger chiller system comprising a motor, preferably a compact, high energy density motor or permanent magnet motor, for driving a shaft at a range of sustained operating speeds under the control of a variable speed drive. Another embodiment of the centrifugal compressor assembly comprises a mixed flow impeller and a vaneless diffuser sized such that a final stage compressor operates with an optimal specific speed range for targeted combinations of head and capacity, while a non-final stage compressor operates above the optimum specific speed of the final stage compressor. Another embodiment of the centrifugal compressor assembly comprises an integrated inlet flow conditioning assembly comprising a flow conditioning nose, a plurality of inlet guide vanes and a flow conditioning body that positions inlet guide vanes to condition flow of refrigerant into an impeller to achieve a target approximately constant angle swirl distribution with minimal guide vane turning.

A method is provided for making a fluid catalytic cracking catalyst with a low coke yield from kaolin, including: dividing kaolin into two portions, mixing one portion of kaolin with chemical water and a dispersant to make a slurry, and spraying the slurry to produce kaolin microspheres, calcining the kaolin microspheres at a high temperature to obtain spinel-containing calcined microspheres; calcining the other portion of kaolin to form metakaolin, which is subjected to ultrafine pulverization to obtain metakaolin ultrafine powder; mixing the calcined microspheres with the metakaolin ultrafine powder in a certain proportion, subjecting the resultant mixture to in-situ crystallization on the hydrothermal condition and then to centrifugal separation to obtain an in-situ crystallized product containing zeolite NaY with a high Si/Al ratio; and subjecting the in-situ crystallized product to ion exchange and deep ultrastable hydrothermal treatment to obtain an in-situ crystallized fluid catalytic cracking catalyst.

A transflective display panel and a display apparatus using the same are provided. The display panel includes a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix. Each of the pixels includes a plurality of subpixels, and each subpixel within a pixel outputs a different color of light. In addition, each of the subpixels includes a transflective mode region which has a reflection mode region with a diffraction grating and a transmission mode region; a liquid crystal layer which adjusts a transmittance of incident light through electric control; and a sub color filter which transmits light within a wavelength band of the incident light. Because the display panel includes the reflection mode region where the diffraction grating is formed, it can display a high-quality image with good white balance, even while outdoors or under bright illumination.

Systems and methods for improved control of a turbomachine system with a bottoming cycle system are presented. The systems and methods include a controller that utilizes modeling techniques to derive a plurality of load path curves. The controller utilizes a current load path, a minimum load path, and a constant efficiency load path. The systems and methods include a control process configured to receive a user input representative of a life cycle control modality and to execute a control action based on deriving a load efficiency by applying the current load path, the minimum load path, the constant efficiency load path, or a combination thereof, and the life cycle control modality. The control action is applied to control the turbomachine system and the bottoming cycle system fluidly coupled to the turbomachine system. Further, the life cycle control modalities may be selected by a user based upon known tradeoffs.

An improved free swinging hammer mill hammer design is disclosed and described for comminution of materials such as grain and refuse. The hammer design of the present art is adaptable to most hammer mill or grinders having free swinging systems. The improved hammermill hammer may incorporate multiple comminution edges for increased comminution efficiencies. The design as disclosed and claimed may be forged to increase the strength of the hammer. A rod hole shoulder surrounding a portion of the rod hole adjacent the neck may be reduced in the radial dimension. The shape of the hammer body may be varied, as disclosed and claimed, to further improve hammer strength, or reduce or maintain the weight of the hammer while increasing the amount of force delivered to the material to be comminuted.

A portable electronic device includes an audio input device and a processor. The processor is configured to obtain audio input data including a noise signal having an audio feature through the audio input device, to filter the audio input data using a neural network model to generate first audio output data, and to filter the first audio output data without using the neural network model to generate second audio output data. The first audio output data has a first changed audio feature corresponding to the audio feature and the second audio output data has a second changed audio feature corresponding to the audio feature.

In a magnetic resonance system and operating method to generate a series of temporally successive angiographic magnetic resonance images of an examination region, a series with a predetermined number of flip angles is established. The first flip angle at the beginning of the series is smaller than the last flip angle at the end of the series, and an arbitrary flip angle is greater than or equal to the preceding flip angle in the series. First and second magnetic resonance data are determined by acquiring a predetermined number of partial segments of k-space belonging to the first and second magnetic resonance data. Each partial segment is acquired over a respective first or second time interval and respectively has a series of components. Each component is acquired according to a gradient echo method with a flip angle that exists at a position in the series of flip angles, which position corresponds to the component. A fluid flowing into the examination region is given a first predetermined spin marking at the beginning of the first time intervals and a second predetermined spin marking, different than the first spin marking, at the beginning of the second time intervals. The series of temporally successive angiography magnetic resonance images is generated by combining the first and second magnetic resonance data.

A piezoelectric ceramic comprising a perovskite composite oxide of an ABO₃ composition containing Pb in the A-site and Zr and Ti in the B-site, wherein when the total amount of the element species constituting the B-site of the perovskite composite oxide in the ceramic is set to be one mol, an average valency of the element species constituting the B-site is in a range of from 4.002 to 4.009. The piezoelectric ceramic can be fired at a low temperature, has a high Curie temperature and a high piezoelectric distortion constant, as well as excellent durability and reliability against high temperatures.

A naturally aspirated, fully aerated radiant burner and optional heat exchanger arrangement where the radiant burner has a generally enclosed cavity defined, at least in part, by fuel gas impermeable surroundings and a lower surface of fuel gas permeable burner element, wherein cavity preferably has two opening exposed to an oxidizer source. Sealingly coupled to openings are mix tubes, each having respective first ends and second ends, wherein first ends occupy openings and second ends extend into and are exposed to cavity. Fuel gas injectors, which during use are in fluid communication with fuel gas, are positioned to introduce fuel gas into mix tubes and entrain only slightly more air than needed for stoichiometric combustion. Pre-combustion gasses migrate to upper surface where stable stoichiometric combustion occurs, resulting in low CO and NOx emissions, increased wind resistance and elevated combustion gas temperatures Connecting the heat exchanger directly to the burner further increases its wind resistance and prevents dilution of the combustion gases by wind or free convection.

In a method of computing the overall material constant of a composite material, a virtual composite material is defined as the one that a first material component is dispersed in a form of inner spherical particles in a matrix phase and each of the inner spherical particles is enveloped by the second material component, in a form of outer shell layers, as a coating layer. Based on this, a nonlinear equation is prepared, which has the material constant of the virtual composite material as an unknown. Next, the material constant of the virtual composite material is computed by solving the equation. In the equation, the material constant in each of the surrounding areas of the outer shell layers coating the inner spherical particles is defined as the overall material constant of the virtual composite material to be computed. The volume fractions of the material components in the composite material are computed using the equation.

A flat screen comprises a liquid-crystal element, such as an LCD element, for representing an image. Further, a plurality of point light sources, such as LEDs, are provided. Between the point light sources and the liquid-crystal element a light-guiding element is arranged. For rendering the brightness distribution more uniform, the light-guiding element comprises at a surface thereof a plurality of diffractive surface elements arranged in cells.