Devices, methods, and programs obtain vehicle position information indicating a current position of a vehicle, and based on the vehicle position information, obtain road information including positions and forms of lane markings around the current position of the vehicle. Based on the road information, the devices, systems, and methods determine whether a branch point exists on the road in a forward direction of the vehicle. If a branch point exists, the devices, methods, and programs obtain image information of an area before the branch point, and determine whether no lane marking is imaged or is partly imaged in the image information of the area before the branch point. If there is no lane marking or only a partial lane marking imaged in the area before the branch point, the devices, methods, and programs obtain image information of the branch point including a captured image of a lane marking, and determine a lane in which the vehicle is traveling after the branch point based on an imaging order of the lane marking, a form of the lane marking, a position of the lane marking in the image information of the branch point, and the road information.