The invention relates to a mask particulate matter filtration efficiency and respiratory resistance detecting device. The device comprises a self-purification detecting chamber, a respiratory resistance detecting module, an aerosol module, an upstream photometer, a downstream photometer, a sinusoid respiratory simulator and a control module; the respiratory resistance detecting module, the aerosol module, the upstream photometer, the downstream photometer and the sinusoid respiratory simulator are communicated with the self-purification detecting chamber, and the control module controls operation of the overall device and comprises a filtration efficiency detecting control module, a respiratory resistance detecting control module, an aerosol concentration control module and a human sinusoid respiratory simulating control module. According to the scheme, a national head model and a respirator for simulating the human respiratory sinusoid are arranged, and aerosol with the specific concentration is controlled by the control module to be automatically generated; meanwhile, the two paths of high-precision photometers are adopted for sampling and detecting, and an original sodium flame detecting mode with the high equipment risk is abandoned; accordingly, the personal safety of experimenters is better guaranteed, the structure is simple, the cost is low, the intelligent degree is high, the detection precision and the operating efficiency are greatly improved, and the high application and popularization value is achieved.