220results about How to "Size adjustment" patented technology

The invention discloses a non-woven fabric dying production line which comprises an uncoiling device, a dying cylinder, a cleaning cylinder, dry-rolling device, a drying device, a coiling device, a plurality of guide rollers, net belts and a first frame body. The uncoiling device, the dying cylinder, the cleaning cylinder and the dry-rolling device are arranged on the first frame body in sequence. The coiling device is arranged in rear of the drying device, and the dying cylinder, the cleaning cylinder and the first frame body are provided with the guide rollers. The net belts are arranged on the guide rollers in a tensioning mode. Compared with the prior art, the good cleaning effect can be achieved, the dying quality of a product is not affected, the size of an exhaust opening can be adjusted, the normal temperature in drying non-woven fabric in a drying oven and the coherence of the whole production process are guaranteed, production efficiency is not affected, crimples are avoided, the overall attractiveness and the coiling quality of the non-woven fabric are ensured, slippage in transmission can also be avoided, the transmission rate is guaranteed, the uncoiling speed can be prevented from being higher than the belt supporting speed of the net belts, water removing is even, the normal water removing effect is achieved, and the drying effect is not affected.

2-dimensional (2-D) convolution calculation is widely applied in the field of image processing. The invention discloses a 2-D convolver. By decomposing the 2-D convolution calculation into parallel calculation of multiple 1-D convolution calculation windows and adopting the strategy that image data are input in a row or column leading Zigzag scanning format, the capacity of an on-chip memory is reduced, and on-chip resource overhead is reduced; because the 2-D convolver can accept two different image data input formats of row or column leading Zigzag scanning formats, the 2-D convolver is suitable for different application systems; and by adjusting the depth W of each double-port system random access memory (SRAM) in an intermediate result temporary storage unit and making good compromise between the capacity of the on-chip memory and the external bandwidth, flexibility of system design is brought. Compared with the conventional 2-D convolver, the 2-D convolver occupies fewer hardware resources, the throughput can meet the real-time requirements of most image processing systems, and the 2-D convolver can be used for realizing the 2-D convolution calculation in a low-cost embedded system. The 2-D convolver belongs to the field of super-large-scale integrated circuit structure design.

The invention belongs to the technical field of beekeeping and particularly relates to a culture method for Chinese honeybees. The culture method for the Chinese honeybees comprises the steps: S1. providing beehives; S2. carrying out hiving; S3. carrying out propagation period management; S4. carrying out bee colony queen breeding; S5. carrying out swarming; S6. carrying out bee colony merging; S7. carrying out honey-getting; S8. enabling bee colonies to live through summer and winter; S9. feeding the bee colonies and preventing bee theft; S10. carrying out disease and insect pest control on the Chinese honeybees; S11. disinfecting beekeeping equipment; S12. preventing and treating chaos bee clusters; and S13. preventing and treating swarming fever. According to the method, the provided beehives facilitate bee colony observation, swarming and merging and can help the bee colonies to safely live through summer, absconding is reduced, the beehives are warm in winter and cool in summer, the bee colonies have no need of migration, and feeding can be carried out at fixed points; the yield and quality of honey can be improved; and the culture method disclosed by the invention can be used for solving the difficult problems in a Chinese honeybee culture process that the colony population is small and the quantity of plant diseases and insect pests is large.

The invention provides a movable construction platform for bridge foundation building. The movable construction platform for bridge foundation building comprises floating bodies, horizontal support frameworks, horizontal backing plates, a lifting system, temporary fixing devices and support body systems; the horizontal support frameworks are laid on the upper surfaces of the floating bodies, the horizontal backing plates are laid on the upper surfaces of the horizontal support frameworks, filling pile holes formed according to bridge foundation building are formed in the horizontal backing plates, the lifting system is erected on the horizontal backing plates, and the support body systems are arranged on the peripheries of the floating bodies; each support body system comprises an anchor head, a support leg, support seats, hydraulic lifting equipment and bolt pins, wherein bolt pin holes longitudinally extending in a separated mode are formed in the support leg, through holes correspondingly communicated with the bolt pin holes are formed in the support seats, and the bolt pins are correspondingly inserted into the bolt pin holes and the through holes which are communicated with each other. The movable construction platform for bridge foundation building has the advantages that the platform can be steadily and firmly fixed on the construction water surface, cannot be shaken under the influences of tides or waves when construction is performed and is suitable for arrangement of various filling piles in bridge building; in addition, the size of the platform can be regulated, and construction is easy.

The invention provides a differential phase pulse magnetic field electromagnetic continuous casting method. In a horizontal continuous casting process, a vertical continuous casting process or a semi-continuous casting process, 2n excitation coils are arranged in the crystallizer in the axial direction of a cast ingot; each excitation coil is divided into two groups, a differential phase pulse magnetic field power supply system is adopted, two groups of component wave pulse voltages and sawtooth-shaped pulse currents are output to act on the two sets of excitation coils correspondingly, and act on a paste region of molten metal and metal, the generated phase angle difference phi of the two groups of electromagnetic pulse signals is 90 degrees, and a differential phase traveling wave magnetic field is formed in the pasty region of the metal melt and the metal. The method can be applied to preparation of ingots with different shapes and geometrical sizes; the alloy element segregation ofproduced products is greatly reduced; the grain size is greatly reduced; and the mechanical property and the rate of finished products are remarkably improved.

The invention discloses a self-adaptive monitor matching anti-interference method of a wireless sensor network. The self-adaptive monitor matching anti-interference method adopts a 'self-adaptive monitor matching window' flexibly adjustable in receiving window size to receive data information transmitted from a source node. A receiving monitor window is maximum in size in an initial state, and a received signal strength indicator measures the strength of wireless signals. When the signal strength is lower than a set threshold value, a cycle rate counter adds 1. When the signal strength is higher than the set threshold value, signal receiving starts. When signal receiving succeeds, a communication window is adjusted to be maximum in size and returns to the initial state. If the receiving fails, the window size is decreased. In the monitoring process, if no interference signal or normal signal is found in M cycles, the size of the receiving monitor window is minimum. When the monitor window is in a minimum state, interference signals always exist in the M cycles, and the window is adjusted to be in an intermediate state. By the adoption of the self-adaptive monitor matching anti-interference method, monitor errors between a transmitting node and a receiving node in a wireless interference environment is effectively decreased, and unnecessary energy consumption and lost data packets are reduced.

The invention relates to a multifunctional slurry shield test system for teaching. The system comprises a model box (1), a shield tunneling machine, a slurry feeding component, a slurry discharge component, a slurry box (35), a collection box (33), a sampling box (38) and a hydraulic power unit, wherein the side surface of the model box (1) is provided with an opening which communicates with the front part of the shield tunneling machine; the shield tunneling machine also communicates with the slurry box (35) and the collection box (33) through the slurry feeding component and the slurry discharge component respectively; a communication pipe (42) is arranged between the slurry box (35) and the collection box (33); the shield tunneling machine forms a slurry circulating system together with the slurry feeding component, the slurry discharge component, the slurry box (35) and the collection box (33). Compared with the prior art, the multifunctional slurry shield test system for teaching is simple in structure, adopts organic glass as material, can show a slurry shield test process in all aspects, has the function of simulating an excavation face stability test of the slurry shield tunneling machine in a non-tunneling state, and also has the function of simulating tunneling of the slurry shield tunneling machine.

The invention discloses a magnetic type button which comprises a shell and a middle shaft body arranged in the shell, wherein the bottom of the middle shaft body extends out of the shell; a keycap seat is pressed, so that the middle shaft body can reciprocate in the base along the vertical direction; a first magnetic element is arranged on the upper section of the middle shaft body; a second magnetic element which can move up and down is arranged coaxial to the first magnetic element; and a third magnetic element is arranged in the shell. A repulsive or an attractive magnetic force is generated between the first magnetic element and the second magnetic element; by changing the electrified current of an electrified coil, the repulsive or attractive magnetic force can be adjusted, so that the using hand feel of the keycap seat is improved; by adjusting the forward and backward electrified currents of the coil, the magnetic force between the second and third magnetic elements can be adjusted, so that the paragraph sense strength and the pressing vigor are changed; and by adjusting the magnetic forces of the first and second magnetic elements, the magnetic type button is of a sense oflayer after a relatively high paragraph sense.

The invention relates to the field of the Internet of Things, in particular to a method of communication resource dispatching, device and system in the field of the Internet of Things so as to meet the low-latency communication requirements in the application of the Internet of Things. When an Internet of Things application server determines the need to start cooperative wireless resource dispatching for a terminal according to business requirements and a business scene, the Internet of Things application server sends a cooperative wireless resource dispatching activation request to a wirelesstransceiver node and requests the wireless transceiver node to perform cooperative wireless resource dispatching on the terminal according to the requirements of the Internet of Things application server; and after the wireless transceiver node receives the request, the wireless resources are allocated to the terminal with higher priority or higher efficiency, if the terminal does not need to apply for the wireless resources, the wireless transceiver node actively allocates the wireless resources to the terminal, and thus, the wireless communication delay of the terminal is reduced, and the low-latency communication requirements in a specific business scene is realized.

The invention relates to a tracking method for adaptively adjusting window width by utilizing the optimal solution of variance rate, which is characterized in that: under the existed multi-character space selection mean shift framework, a new object pixel weight distribution formula is provided to replace the traditional EpanechnikovKernel window, the weight of a background interference pixel is effectively reduced, the defect of susceptibility to background interference in the traditional method is overcome, a scheme that the variance rate and a Bhattacharyya coefficient jointly control a target window to zoom is provided, and a long-term problem of object size calibration in the traditional mean shift method is solved. After the method is applied to a plurality of groups of video for experiments, results show that the method is obvious superior to the traditional mean shift method in the aspect of widow adjustment, the window can be accurately adjusted even if a camera is zoomed, and the tracking accuracy is obviously improved.

The invention provides an apparatus for acquisition of marine sediment porewater and on-line in-situ detection of gas in the porewater. The apparatus can realize in-situ, rapid and cyclic acquisition of the porewater and on-line in-situ detection of the composition and content of gas in the porewater. According to a technical scheme in the invention, the apparatus is characterized by comprising a counterweight (1), a shell (2), a gas cylinder (17) and a single-layer sampling point device (13), wherein the counterweight (1) is connected with the shell (2), the counterweight (1) is provided with a power supply and a signal path device (18), and the gas cylinder (17) and the single-layer sampling point device (13) are arranged in the shell (2) and connected with each other. The invention also discloses a control method for the apparatus.

The invention discloses an intelligent video monitoring device and a mounting method. A longitudinal-axis adjusting device of the intelligent video monitoring device comprises an upper end plate, a lower end plate and fixing rods, a guiding rod is arranged between the fixing rods, and an adjusting rod is arranged in the guiding rod. A transverse adjusting device comprises a first fixing seat, a second fixing seat and a length adjusting block, a rotating adjusting device comprises a rotating seat, a mechanical arm and a base plate, and a camera is arranged on the base plate. The mounting methodcomprises the steps that (1) the mounting position is arranged; (b) according to the mounting place and the type of the camera, auxiliary equipment is mounted; (c) a relevant line is arranged according to a drawing; (d) a transverse positioning plate is mounted; (e) the longitudinal-axis adjusting device is mounted; (f) the camera is mounted in a mounting plate; (g) the monitoring position of thecamera is adjusted in the X-axis direction; (h) the monitoring position of the camera is adjusted in the Y-axis direction; (i) the monitoring position of the camera is adjusted in the Z-axis direction; and (j) the mounting angle of the camera is adjusted. According to the intelligent video monitoring device and the mounting method, integral clear images can be caught, and monitoring warning is conducted in real time.

The invention discloses a three-dimensional anti-shake displaying method. The method includes: reserving a non-image-display area in a display screen in the initial state; detecting whether the display screen rotates or not; and if yes, regulating an image of a display area in the display screen so as to keep the shape of the image observed at an observation point unchanged. By the use of the three-dimensional anti-shake displaying method, when the display screen rotates, the shape of the image observed in the display screen can be kept unchanged, so that displaying effect of the image is improved.

The invention discloses a coal type less oil ignition burner capable of controlling the vortex width. A primary air pipeline of the coal type less oil ignition burner is communicated with a second-stage pulverized coal burning chamber through a pulverized coal condenser; a first-stage pulverized coal burning chamber is arranged in the second-stage pulverized coal burning chamber which extends into a third-stage pulverized coal burning chamber; and the lateral surface of the third-stage pulverized coal burning chamber connected with the second-stage pulverized coal burning chamber is equidistantly provided with a plurality of secondary air inlets. One end of a central air duct of a controllable vortex bluff body is a cavity cone; the central air duct passes through the primary air pipeline, the pulverized coal condenser and the first-stage pulverized coal burning chamber; the cavity cone extends out and is positioned outside the first-stage pulverized coal burning chamber; and the circumference at the bottom of the cavity cone is evenly provided with a plurality of round holes and a plurality of oil burning chambers obliquely and equidistantly pass through the second-stage pulverized coal burning chamber and then are arranged on the first-stage pulverized coal burning chamber. By adopting the controllable vortex bluff body, the invention prolongs the stay time of pulverized coal in the burners and improves the ignition stability. The invention is not only can be used as the ignition burner, but also can be used as a main burner and a burner with lower load and stable burning.

The invention discloses a screen plate provided with adjustable and replaceable screen holes and facilitating filtering. The screen plate comprises a screen plate body, the screen plate body is composed of a frame, a fixed mesh screen and a movable mesh screen, wherein a plurality of mounting holes I are formed in the frame, groove holes I are formed in the two ends of the front side edge of the frame correspondingly, groove holes II are formed in the two ends of the rear side edge of the frame correspondingly, supporting shafts I are arranged at the two ends of one side of the bottom of the framework correspondingly, two ends of the other side of the bottom of the frame are correspondingly provided with supporting shafts II, the fixed mesh screen and the frame are connected through a conical fastening assembly in a cooperative mode, a screw hole I and a screw hole II are correspondingly formed in the two sides of the interior of the movable mesh screen in sequence, and the movable mesh screen and the frame are connected through a linkage mechanism in a cooperative mode. The screen plate has the beneficial effects that the sizes of the screen holes can be adjusted, the screening efficiency can be improved, and the situation that looseness between a bolt and a nut occurs when the screening work is carried out can be avoided.

The present invention relates to mass storage devices and methods for dynamically managing mass storage devices. The present invention describes a method for managing a mass storage device comprising at least one secondary storage device and at least one tertiary storage device connectable to said secondary storage device, wherein the secondary storage The device is partitioned into independent logical volumes, and the logical volumes are allocated to different file systems for storing data of different applications. Among them, the individual score of each data stored on the secondary storage device is calculated, and if the upper limit of the secondary storage device defined by the high threshold is exceeded, the data is exchanged to the tertiary storage device in order of the individual scores of the data until A lower bound on the amount of used capacity of a secondary storage device defined by a low threshold is reached, where logical volumes are resized dynamically, each logical volume being resized to be the same as still on the secondary storage device and belonging to that particular logical volume The data are directly proportional.

The invention discloses a visual automated ophthalmology care drip device. The device comprises an eye medicine bottle, a thread connection platform is fixed on the upper surface of the eye medicine bottle, an adjustment block is connected with the outer wall of the thread connection platform in a threaded mode, the top of the thread connection platform is fixedly connected with a conical block, aliquid outlet communicated with the eye medicine bottle is formed in the top of the conical block, a support ring is connected with the top of the outer side wall of the eye medicine bottle in a threaded mode, a support plate and a start button opposite to the support plate are fixedly connected with the bottom of the outer side wall of the support ring, the upper surface of the support plate isrespectively and fixedly connected with a fixing seat and a controller, a miniature electric push rod is fixedly connected to the top of the fixing seat, and the end, away from the fixing seat, of theminiature electric push rod is fixedly connected with a push pressure plate. The device has the advantages of being simple in structure and convenient to operate, and capable of accurately aligning the liquid outlet of the eye medicine bottle with eyes so that the eyes of patients can observe the liquid outlet, the sizes of medicine droplets can be adjusted according to own needs of the patients,and fear of dripping eyedrops is relieved for the patients.

The invention provides a method for efficiently making high precision nanometer holes and nanometer hole arrays by utilizing focusing electronic beams, comprising the following steps of: irradiating polymethyl methacrylate nanometer fibers for 1-60s by using focusing electronic beams with the strength of 1*10-1*10e / nms to obtain the nanometer holes with the aperture of 0.5nm-10nm under the conditions of the vacuum of 1*10-1*10Torr and the working voltage of 100kV-200kV; and deflecting electronic beams for continuing to irradiate the polymethyl methacrylate nanometer fibers to obtain the nanometer hole arrays. The invention can precisely control the size of the nanometer holes through the strength and the irradiation time of the electronic beams (the precision can reach up to 0.1 nanometer), and control the deflection of the electronic beams through static electricity so as to control the period of the nanometer holes; and the period of the nanometer hole arrays can be controlled between 1nm and 20nm. The method is mainly applied to the fields such as DNA sequence detection, biosensors, nanometer bioelectronics, photonic crystal and the like.

The invention discloses a constant temperature fireproof power distribution cabinet and belongs to the technical field of a power distribution cabinet. The constant temperature fireproof power distribution cabinet includes a cabinet body, a rotating mechanism, a heat radiation mechanism, a monitoring control mechanism and a wire harness mechanism, wherein a front side wall of the cabinet body is provided with a door plate matched with the cabinet body, the door plate is provided with a lock capable of being locked with the cabinet body, the door plate is provided with a protection assembly, the rotating mechanism is arranged at the top of the cabinet body, two side walls of the cabinet body are provided with multiple vent holes, the monitoring control cabinet is arranged at an upper portion in the cabinet body, the wire harness mechanism is vertically movably mounted in the cabinet body, a bottom wall and a side wall of the cabinet body are provided with a moving assembly and a handleassembly respectively, a top portion in the cabinet body is provided with an illumination lamp, and the rotating mechanism, the heat radiation mechanism and the illumination lamp are electrically connected with the monitoring control mechanism. The constant temperature fireproof power distribution cabinet is advantaged in that the structure is simple, rapid heat radiation operation of the whole cabinet can be realized, efficiency is relatively high, functions are various, and practicality is relatively strong.

The invention belongs to the mobile augmented reality (MAR) technology field and provides a mobile augmented reality type card identification method based on mirror reflection. The method comprises steps of (1), mirror reflection design, including foundation, reflective mirror casing and reflective mirror design; (2), registration picture design; (3), card design facing mobile terminal adaption; and (4), orthophoto correction of an acquired image. The method is advantaged in that through a specially-designed reflector device, in combination with the image correction technology, a card in front of a bottom portion of a mobile terminal is accurately mapped to a screen, a problem that card scanning and children hand constraint are carried out during equipment holding existing in a traditional AR identification method is solved, moreover, a problem of low identification efficiency caused by a deformed image acquired by a front camera in the traditional identification method can be effectively solved through orthophoto correction of the acquired image.

The invention discloses an efficient sawtooth pulverizer for ceramic production. The efficient sawtooth pulverizer comprises a pulverizer body, a pulverizing spiked roller and a pulverizing chain. A feeding hopper is arranged on the upper side of the pulverizer body, and the pulverizing spiked roller is vertically arranged on the axis of the interior of the pulverizer body; and the diameter of the top end of the spiked roller is larger than that of the bottom end of the spiked roller, and a plurality of pulverizing movable sawteeth are vertically and evenly arranged on the outer wall of the pulverizing spiked roller. According to the efficient sawtooth pulverizer for ceramic production, the pulverizing chain preliminarily pulverizes materials, and the materials enter pulverizing gaps between the pulverizing movable sawteeth and pulverizing fixed sawteeth to be pulverized; the pulverizing time is long, the pulverizing effect is good, and the pulverized materials are screened by a screen, so that the working efficiency of the pulverizer is greatly improved; electromagnets can carry out iron removal on the fallen materials, and the quality of a machined finished product is ensured; and in the pulverizing process, the vertical motion of the spiked roller is adjusted to control the size of the pulverizing gaps, so that the pulverized material is controlled, the practicability is high, and the working process of the pulverizer is low in noise.

The invention discloses a sawtooth crusher for ceramic production, which comprises a crusher main body, a crushing spiked roll and an elevator, wherein a feeding hopper is arranged on the upper side of the crusher main body; the crushing spiked roll is vertically arranged at an axis of the interior of the crusher main body; the diameter of the top end of the spiked roll is higher than that of the bottom end of the spiked roll; and a plurality of movable crushing sawteeth are uniformly arranged on an outer wall of the crushing spiked roll from the top to bottom. According to the sawtooth crusher for the ceramic production, a material is pre-crushed by a crushing chain, and then enters gaps between the movable crushing sawteeth and fixed crushing sawteeth to be crushed, so that the crushing time is long, and the crushing effect is good; the crushed material is screened by a screen, so that the working efficiency of the crusher is improved greatly; an electromagnet can remove iron of the falling material, so that the quality of a processed finished product is ensured; up and down movement of the spiked roll is adjusted in a crushing process to control the sizes of the crushing gaps, so as to control the size of the crushed material; the practicability is high; and noises of the crusher in a working process are low.

The invention discloses a video signal real-time output processing system, which comprises a video decoding module, a graph zooming module, a testing graph generating module, a video post-processing module and an output processing module, wherein the video decoding module decodes original video data; the graph zooming module judges whether a current system has a stable video signal, if so, the graph zooming module generates a reconstruction timing sequence signal and performs zooming processing on the decoded video data; the testing graph generating module generates a testing graph; the video post-processing module performs optimization processing on an image; and the output processing module outputs the video image when a stable signal exists, otherwise outputs the testing graph. The video signal real-time output processing system can output the stable testing graph when a video signal does not exist or the video signal is not stable, achieves the functions of being capable of outputting the testing graph timely and ensuring stable output of the image in states from nonexistence to existence of a signal or from existence to nonexistence of the signal in a real-time system on chip without a frame storage, can further output the snowflake point testing graph, and has high application value.

The invention relates to the technical field of grinding equipment, in particular to a full-automatic grinding machine. The full-automatic grinding machine comprises a box body, a feed port, a conicalbarrel, a grinding head, a motor, a controller, guide columns, a discharge port, a stopper and a driving device; the bottom of a top plate of the box body is fixedly connected with the conical barrel; the conical grinding head is arranged in the conical barrel; an annular grinding channel is formed between the grinding head and the conical barrel; the lower end width of the grinding channel is smaller than the upper end width; the stopper is annular corresponding to the grinding channel; the cross section of the stopper is arranged as a right trapezoid; a slope surface of the stopper is arranged on an inner ring, and a conical blanking channel is formed in the middle part; the discharge port is formed under the blanking channel; and the stopper is slidingly mounted on one set of guide columns. A rubber ring is provided; the inner ring of the rubber ring is thicker than an outer ring, and the thinner place is projected higher, so that materials dropping on the rubber ring are easy to fall; and meanwhile, a pull rod is connected to the bottom of the rubber ring, and the rubber ring is vibrated to enable the materials to quickly fall.

The invention relates to the field of food processing, in particular to a high-concentration ozone water preparation device, a high-concentration ozone water preparation method and the application of the high-concentration ozone water preparation device. The high-temperature ozone water preparation device is characterized in that an air compressor, a cold-drying device, an air filter, an oxygen generator, an oxygen adjusting valve, an ozone generating pipe and an air-liquid mixing pump are sequentially connected through air pipes; the air-liquid mixing pump is provided with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe; the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are respectively connected with an ozone water collecting device; a chlorine dioxide solution inlet, a tap water inlet and an ozone water outlet are formed in the ozone water collecting device; the ozone water collecting device is a telescopic device. By adopting the high-concentration ozone water preparation device disclosed by the invention, high-stability ozone water is obtained through the steps of compressing, air purifying, oxygen preparing, ozone preparing, air-liquid mixing and the like, and the ozone water can be used for sterilization treatment in the field of the food processing; the stability of the prepared ozone water is high, the sterilization effect is good, and the prepared ozone water can be widely used for sterilization treatment in the field of the food processing.

The invention discloses a device for preparing gratings with different periods and a using method thereof, and relates to the field of micro-machining. The device comprises a guide rail base, a transmission shaft, a bearing slide block, a PDMS fixed cover plate and a limiting side plate. When the device is used, the structured surface of the grating PDMS soft template is upwards fixed on the device bearing part, the bearing slide block moves away from the fixed part by adjusting the transmission shaft; the PDMS soft template is stretched so that the size of the periodic structures on the softtemplate is increased. The structured surface of the PDMS soft template is coated with the curing adhesive, a substrate is placed on the curing adhesive, then the adhesive is cured through a heating or exposure method, and the PDMS soft template is stripped after the adhesive is cured so as to obtain a grating structure with a required period on the substrate. Grating structures with different period sizes can be obtained by changing the stretching amount of the soft template. The device is easy to operate and convenient to use and can meet the requirement of copying gratings with different periodic sizes in batches at low cost.