The invention discloses an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification Device) based seafood supply chain traceability system under an exclusive shop direct sales model, comprising a client, a server and a backend database which are all in network connection; the client comprises RFID reader-writers, an RFID electronic label and a client computer, wherein the RFID reader-writer is in network connection with a plurality of RFID electronic label networks, and a plurality of RFID read-writers are in network connection with the client computer; the server comprises a culture subsystem, a processing subsystem, a delivery subsystem, an exclusive shop subsystem, a consumer and controlling authority subsystem and a management subsystem, wherein the management subsystem is respectively connected with the culture subsystem, the processing subsystem, the delivery subsystem, the exclusive shop subsystem and the consumer and controlling authority subsystem, and the culture subsystem, the processing subsystem, the delivery subsystem, the exclusive shop subsystem and the consumer and controlling authority subsystem are in network connection. The invention has the advantages of high speed, high efficiency, convenient management, capability of tracking relevant information of each link of a supply chain, and the like.