Fixed fluid redox electrodes
A solid and electrode technology, applied in circuits, fuel cells, lithium batteries, etc., can solve problems such as expensive precision equipment
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Embodiment 1
[0132] This example describes the preparation of materials used to conduct the electrochemical cell tests described in Examples 3-8. Table 1 includes a summary of the various components used in electrochemical cells.
[0133] Table 1. Materials used in the experiments described in Examples 3-8
[0134]
[0135]
[0136] All materials were dried in a glove box under an argon atmosphere and stored to prevent water or air pollution.
[0137] Suspension ultrasonic treatment: weigh the active material and carbon (when applicable) and mix them in a 20 mL glass bottle, and suspend the solid mixture by adding electrolyte. Depending on the suspension, the resulting suspension was mixed and sonicated in a Branson 1510 ultrasonic bath for a period of 20-60 minutes.
[0138] Suspension milling: For powders in which particles are aggregated, suspension preparation includes a ball milling step. After mixing the powder with the electrolyte, a grinding ball (yttria stabilized zirconia from Advanced...
Embodiment 2
[0146] This example describes the electrochemical cell structure tested in Examples 3-8.
[0147] Half cell
[0148] The suspension liquid phase was tested for Li / Li in a half-cell device + Electrode storage Li + Ion power. The experimental device consists of a metal sheet at the bottom and a container on the top (where the suspension is placed), a separation membrane (Tonen) covering the well, a lithium metal slab pressing the copper cylinder arranged on the separation membrane and surrounding The part is composed of a hollow copper cylinder. The hollow cylinder is insulated from the bottom metal part by an O-ring made of Fep-encapsulated silicone. For Li / Li + For batteries that work at a potential of 0-3V, the bottom metal parts are made of copper alloy 101. + The bottom metal part of the battery working under the electric potential of 1-4.5V is made of aluminum alloy 6061. Sometimes, aluminum parts are coated with gold by the method described in Example 1 to reduce the interf...
Embodiment 3
[0152] This example describes the preparation of stable, conductive suspensions that can be used as flowable redox active compositions. Initial tests show that the active material forms a stable suspension for only a limited time and only forms a stable suspension at high filling volume fractions (45% for LCO, 30% for LTO, 35% for MCMB). However, when tested in a static battery device, these suspensions showed very high polarization when charged at a relatively low rate (C / 20). It is believed that the low current is caused by the low conductivity of the suspension. The addition of conductive carbon (Ketjen Black) has two desired effects: the improvement of electronic conductivity and the stabilization of the suspension. The direct effect of increased electronic conductivity is the ability of the suspension to circulate consistently in a wide range of currents (2.5C-C / 20) depending on the ratio of active material to carbon additives.
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