[0041] In order to have a further understanding and understanding of the structural features of the present invention and the effects achieved, the preferred embodiments and drawings are used in conjunction with detailed descriptions, which are described as follows:
[0042] Such as figure 1 As shown, the method for planting torreya tree provided by the present invention includes four steps of accelerating germination, raising seedlings, transplanting and grafting. Each step will be described in detail below.
[0043] Such as figure 2 As shown, the method for accelerating the germination of Torreya grandis includes the following steps:
[0044] Step 1. Seed collection
[0045] Seeds are collected in October and the fake skins are removed. It is best to choose torreya seeds that fall naturally. The fake skin is usually removed manually, so as to prevent the machine from removing the fake skin from harming torreya species.
[0046] Step 2. Qingshui Sand Store
[0047] Such as image 3 As shown, torreya seeds are stacked below the ground; the thickness of the stack of torreya seeds is about 10cm-20cm; the sand layer 15 is laid on top of the torreya seeds; the thickness of the sandy soil layer 15 is about 4cm-8cm. Specifically, choose a place in Chaoyang to excavate the soil pit b, and lay the first screen layer 12 on the bottom of the soil pit; stack the torreya seed layer 13 on the first screen layer 12, and then pave the second screen layer on the torreya seed layer 13 14. Pave a sand layer 15 above the second screen layer 14. The periphery of the first mesh layer 12 and the second mesh layer 14 extend to the periphery of the soil pit b. The depth of the soil pit b is about 20 cm, the thickness of the torreya seed layer 13 is about 15 cm, and the thickness of the sand layer 15 is about 5 cm. When the torreya seeds have sprouted, first grab the periphery of the second screen layer 14. After lifting up, the sand layer 15 can be easily removed, and then grab the surroundings of the first screen layer 12. 13 are all put out for easy seeding. Then put the torreya seed layer 13 together with the first screen layer 12 into the soil pit b, and then put the second screen layer 14 and the sand layer 15 into the soil pit b, and flatten it. The whole process is simple, convenient and time-saving. Save effort.
[0048] Step 3. Set up the greenhouse
[0049] From October to November, the temperature is getting lower, and it is necessary to set up a large shed at the soil pit to ensure the temperature of torreya sprouting. The greenhouse provided by the present invention is a double-layer greenhouse.
[0050] Step 4. Heating and temperature control
[0051] In December, the temperature difference between day and night is large, which is extremely detrimental to the germination of torreya. Therefore, the sprouting method provided by the present invention is connected to heating equipment in the greenhouse, such as electric heaters, hot air, etc., and the temperature in the greenhouse is manually detected in real time to ensure that the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 15°C to 30°C for a period of 10 to 20 days , It is best when the temperature is controlled at about 25℃ and the duration is half a month.
[0052] Tukeng b is an economical and practical method for sprouting torreya, but it is immovable and still has certain defects. Therefore, the present invention also provides a movable container a to replace the soil pit, such as image 3 As shown, the container a is open; the bottom of the container a is a mesh structure to facilitate ventilation and drainage; the sandy soil base layer 11 is laid on the bottom of the container a; the first mesh layer 12 is laid on the upper part of the sandy soil base layer 11; A layer of torreya seeds 13 is sprinkled on the net layer 12; a second screen layer 14 is laid on the top of the torreya seeds 13; a sand layer 15 is placed on the second screen layer 14.
[0053] The screen can be a net-like structure with air and water permeability, such as woven bags, cloth blocks, etc. The present invention adopts sunshade nets and sunshade nets based on the principle of economy and practicality, which is water and air permeable, and corrosion resistant, and can be reused many times .
[0054] The container a may be an open container a made of plastic or other materials, and the bottom of the container a is mesh-shaped, which is convenient for air and water permeability. Since soil is needed at the lower part of the torreya seed layer 13, the sandy soil base layer 11 is first cultivated at the bottom of the container a, and the thickness of the sandy soil base layer 11 is generally about 5 cm according to actual needs.
[0055] Such as Figure 5 , Image 6 As shown, a double-layer large shed includes an outer scaffold 21 and an inner scaffold 22, and both the outer scaffold 21 and the inner scaffold 22 are fixed to the ground. The outer side of the outer shelf 21 is covered with an outer film 211; the outer side of the inner shelf 22 is covered with an inner film 221.
[0056] Such as Figure 7 As shown, at least one of the inner film 221 and the outer film 211 is a double-layer film. The two-layer film includes an upper film 11 and a lower film 12. The upper film 31 and the lower film 32 are connected by a number of vertical ribs 33 arranged parallel to each other, so that the double-layer film is divided into multiple air cavities; the end of the double-layer film perpendicular to the vertical ribs 33 and the end parallel to the vertical ribs 33 are connected. The two ends are sealed, and the other end perpendicular to the vertical rib 33 is sealed with an air port 34 left. There are gaps between the several vertical ribs 33 and the end of the double-layer film where the air port 34 is left, thereby forming an air channel perpendicular to the air cavity. The air channel communicates with the air cavity.
[0057] The present invention adopts the inner film 221 as a double-layer film. When there is enough sunlight during the day, let off the air between the double-layer films, so that the upper film 31 and the lower film 32 are attached together to facilitate the temperature rise in the inner shed. When night comes, the temperature of the external environment is relatively low. At this time, air is inflated into the double-layer film through the air port 34 to stretch the double-layer film, which is convenient for maintaining the temperature in the inner shed.
[0058] Due to the long length of the greenhouse, in order to facilitate inflation into the double-layer film, the double-layer film provided by the present invention is provided with a plurality of air ports 34. The air port 34 is connected to the inflator.
[0059] The outer film 211 is susceptible to wind. In order to fix the outer film 211, the present invention adopts a method of fixing the outer film 211. That is, the outer film 211 pulls several parallel ropes c from one side in the width direction to the other side. Fix the outer film 211; of course, the rope c can also be used to restrain each other in the width and length directions to form a grid. Both ends of the rope c are fixed to the ground.
[0060] In order to better heat the inner shelf, the outer shelf 21 is longer than the inner shelf 22; there is a gap between the two ends of the inner shelf 22 and the two ends of the outer shelf. Avoid fast heat dissipation due to film sticking on both ends of the inner and outer sheds.
[0061] The outer scaffold 21 and the inner scaffold 22 provided by the present invention are both composed of a plurality of steel arches b aligned with each other and arranged in parallel, and the cross sections of the inner and outer scaffolds 21 are semicircular. The inner shelf 22 is in the middle position of the outer shelf 21 in the width direction. Avoid uneven low temperature areas.
[0062] Such as Figure 8 As shown, the method for raising seedlings of Torreya grandis includes the following steps:
[0063] Step 1. Site preparation
[0064] Prepare the land in early and mid-October and apply organic fertilizer; make a high bed in east-west direction, the bed width is about 1.2m, or it can be determined according to the width of the terrace. The bed surface is flat; the sowing ditch is opened longitudinally.
[0065] Step 2. Soil disinfection
[0066] Before sowing, use thiophanate-methyl 800 times solution or ferrous sulfate solution for soil disinfection to prevent germs from being invaded by pests.
[0067] Step 3. Seeding
[0068] The row spacing is 30~35cm, the plant spacing is 8~10cm, the seed radicle is placed downward in the sowing ditch;
[0069] Step 4. Clay up
[0070] Cultivate the soil on the seeds, the thickness of the soil layer is 1cm~3cm, 2cm is the best, and it is best to choose the soft sand with good air permeability.
[0071] Step 5. Keep warm
[0072] Cover the upper part of the soil layer with an insulation layer; the thickness of the insulation layer is 2cm to 4cm, and it is best when the thickness of the insulation layer is 3cm. The insulation layer is generally stacked with rice husk or straw. Rice husk corresponds to straw and has low cost, and rice husk can be mixed with soil without being broken. Therefore, rice husk is the best choice.
[0073] Step 6. Cover the mulch
[0074] Cover a layer of mulch film on the thermal insulation layer; the mulch film is fixed on the ground all around. Plastic film is generally selected for mulch. Plastic film is economical and light. It covers the top of the rice husk insulation layer, which can keep heat and prevent the rice husk from being blown away by the wind.
[0075] The seedlings of Torreya grandis are sown in winter and spring. Winter is generally from December to January of the following year, and spring is in early and mid-March.
[0076] Specifically, in early and mid-October, soil preparation must be applied with sufficient organic fertilizer, and put in rotten fertilizer or decomposed vegetable cake. The high bed is made in the east-west direction, the bed width is about 1.2m, the bed surface should be flat, the walkway should be of the same depth, and the longitudinal ditching should be drilled. Before sowing, use thiophanate-methyl 800 times solution or ferrous sulfate solution for soil disinfection. At the appropriate season, the row spacing is 30~35cm, the plant spacing is 8~10cm, and the seed radicle is placed downward in the sowing ditch; the sowing rate is 50~60kg/hm for germinated seeds 2 , And then cover a layer of about 2cm thick sand, and then cover about 3cm thick rice husk on the sand layer to keep moisture and keep the topsoil from hardening, and finally cover the rice husk layer with a plastic film to prevent the rice husk from being winded. Blown away.
[0077] Such as Picture 9 As shown, the method for transplanting Torreya grandis seedlings includes the following steps:
[0078] Step 1. Site preparation and digging
[0079] The planting holes are excavated from September to October, and the specifications of the planting holes are 100cm*100cm*40cm; the planting holes are arranged in the shape of a product.
[0080] Step 2. Seedling selection
[0081] Choose torreya seedlings with strong seedlings, complete root system and disease-free.
[0082] Step 3. Transplant
[0083] The torreya seedlings are planted at a planting density of 3m*3m; when planting, the number of male torreya seedlings is configured according to 3%-5% of the number of female torreya seedlings; the male torreya seedlings are planted at the upwind of the planting site;
[0084] Step 4. Shallow planting and high training
[0085] a. Light load
[0086] First apply a mixture of base fertilizer and sand to the bottom of the planting hole, and step on the mixture to make the depth of the planting hole shallow, and the depth of the planting hole is about 20cm after stepping. The height of the roots in the planting hole is 15cm-25cm after the torreya seedlings are planted; the best height of the roots in the planting hole is 20cm.
[0087] b. Gao Pei
[0088] After planting, torreya seedlings are cultivated in high soil and the soil is stomped. The height of the cultivated soil is 10-15cm higher than the ground surface.
[0089] Step 5. Watering
[0090] After planting the torreya seedlings, water immediately until the roots are fully rooted;
[0091] Step 6. Plant management
[0092] Complete the shading nets between April and April; shading from June to September in the first year after transplantation and June to September in the second year; fertilize the juvenile torreya seedlings by the ring groove method, after transplantation In the second year, the fertilization point of torreya seedlings was applied in the soil 50cm away from the trunk. From June to July, the ground around the roots of the torreya seedlings was covered with withered grass for moisture retention.
[0093] Apply a mixture of base fertilizer and sand to the bottom of the planting hole and step on it. The sand has good air permeability and water permeability. In rainy weather, it can promptly remove the water from the roots of torreya to avoid long-term soaking of torreya roots and rot;
[0094] The method of shallow load and high cultivation is used to make the roots of Torreya serrata in a shallower position below the ground, and the roots are not easily affected by groundwater and rot or disease.
[0095] Such as Picture 10 As shown, a method for grafting torreya tree includes the following steps:
[0096] Step 1. Top wood classification
[0097] The tipi wood is divided into small tipi wood and large tipi wood; the small tipi wood is seedlings that are sown with torreya seeds and left in the bed for 1.5 to 3 years of seedlings; 2-year-old seedlings are the best; the large tip woods are 5~ 10 years of seedlings;
[0098] Step 2. Select the scion
[0099] Choose the fringe from the third or fourth year of the 20-year-old torreya tree as the grafting scion; the scion is 8cm-10cm long and has at least two leaf buds.
[0100] Step 3. Cutter
[0101] a. The small tipi wood is cut at 6cm from the ground, and the section is flat;
[0102] b. The big tipi wood is straight and smooth without scarring and cut off, and the section is flat;
[0103] Step 4. Grafting
[0104] a. Small tip wood
[0105] Small tipis can be grafted after the Spring Festival; wipe off the leaves at the lower end of the scion, cut out a long cut surface and a short cut surface on the opposite sides of the end of the scion, the length of the long cut surface is about 3cm, so that the end of the scion It is wedge-shaped; then use a knife to cut the incision downward in the middle of the end of the small tipiwood or off-center side with a knife, insert the wedge-shaped end of the scion into the incision of the small tipiwood, align the cambium of the small tipiwood and the scion; Use plastic straps to bind and fix;
[0106] b. Big tip wood
[0107] The big tipi wood is grafted after the Qingming Festival; wipe off the leaves at the lower end of the scion, and then cut a long face about 3cm in length on one side of the end of the scion, and cut out a face about 0.5cm in length on the opposite side of the long face. Make the lower end of the scion into a wedge shape; use a bamboo skewer to insert the cambium between the cortex and the xylem from the cross section of the large tipi wood to loosen the cortex. After pulling out the bamboo skewer, turn the side of the scion with the long shaved surface toward The xylem is inserted between the cortex and the xylem, and is bound and fixed with plastic straps.
[0108] The plastic tape in step 4 is pressed and tied tightly one by one to seal the grafting interface to prevent drying. When tying, do not move the position where the anvil and panicle cambium are aligned. The tension must be moderate, not to damage the tissue, but also to be firm, so that the catheter and sieve can communicate with each other, and the scion and tipwood become one. After the grafting is completed, usually in July to August, the plastic straps can be removed.
[0109] In step 4, the cut depth of the small tipis should be less than the length of the long cut surface of the scion, so that after the scion is inserted into the cut, the end of the long cut surface of the scion should be exposed about 0.2cm, that is, "white", to facilitate the healing and growth of the rootstock and the scion.
[0110] The length of the long shaved surface of the scion mentioned in step 4 is 3cm, and the pith part is not cut off. It is better to have a little xylem. The length of the short shaved surface is generally less than 1cm. When cutting scion, the cutting knife should be sharp, the hand should be stable, and the cutting surface should be flat and smooth. It is best to cut it with one cut.
[0111] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the industry should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments and the specification describe only the principles of the present invention. The present invention may have various forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Changes and improvements, these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
