Aluminum electrolysis cell with aluminum as cathode

Abstract

The invention discloses an aluminum electrolysis cell with aluminum as a cathode, and relates to the improvement on aluminum electrolysis cell production with cryolite aluminum monoxide melt as an electrolyte and through a molten salt method. The structure of the aluminum electrolysis cell comprises a prebaked anode, a discharging device and a dust purifying device. The aluminum electrolysis cell is characterized in that the structure of a cathode system of the aluminum electrolysis cell comprises an electrolysis cell body, cathode partition walls and a cathode busbar, the cathode partition walls are arranged in cell ledges at the two ends of the aluminum electrolysis cell body, a bottom channel is formed between the bottoms of the cathode partition walls and the lower bottom of the aluminum electrolysis cell body, side channels are formed by the cathode partition walls and the inner walls of the cell ledges at the ends of the aluminum electrolysis cell body, and the cathode busbar enters the aluminum electrolysis cell body from the side channels formed by the cathode partition walls and the inner walls of the cell ledges at the ends of the aluminum electrolysis cell body. According to the aluminum electrolysis cell with aluminum as the cathode, molten aluminum in which no cathode carbon block, no steel bar and no titanium boride coating exist is adopted as the cathode to replace a cathode composed of steel bars and a carbon block set. The defects that according to a traditional aluminum electrolysis cell, aluminum oxide deposit exists on cathode carbon blocks and cellular micro-batteries exist are eliminated. In the electrolysis production process, the problem that aluminum oxide and aluminum carbide which are deposited and generated at the furnace bottom pollute electrolysis molten aluminum does not exist.

Description

technical field [0001] An aluminum electrolytic cell using aluminum as a cathode relates to the improvement of an aluminum electrolytic cell produced by a molten salt method using cryolite-alumina melt as an electrolyte. Background technique [0002] At present, conventional electrolytic aluminum production uses cryolite-alumina melt as the electrolyte, carbon as the anode, and a cathode system composed of liquid aluminum, cathode carbon block, and cathode steel rod as the cathode, and a direct current is applied to precipitate CO at the anode. 2 gas, and liquid aluminum is precipitated at the cathode. According to the current technology, about 15,000 kw h electricity is required to produce 1 ton of metal aluminum. Under the process conditions of aluminum electrolysis at 940-960 ° C, the energy utilization efficiency of aluminum electrolysis is less than 36%. In a traditional aluminum electrolytic cell, the current flows from the anode through the electrolyte, the aluminum ...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

According to the current technology, about 15,000kw h of electricity is required to produce 1 ton of metal aluminum. Under the process conditions of aluminum electrolysis at 940-960°C, the energy utilization efficiency of aluminum electrolysis is less than 36%.

[0005] To sum up, in an aluminum electrolytic cell with a traditional structure whose cathode is composed of molten aluminum and cathode carbon blocks, the voltage drop of the cathode steel rod accounts for about 49% of the voltage drop at the bottom of the furnace, which greatly increases the power consumption of aluminum electrolysis; During the use of the cell, the infiltrated electrolyte forms a non-conductive solid electrolyte layer at the carbon-steel contact part, which causes a sharp increase in the carbon-steel contact pressure drop and increases the power consumption of aluminum electrolysis; the alumina formed on the cathode carbon block Precipitation not only increases the pressure drop at the bottom of the cathode furnace, but also forms a micro-battery with aluminum as the anode and cathode carbon block as the cathode. The resulting alumina and aluminum carbide increase the power consumption of electrolytic aluminum and reduce the current efficiency of aluminum electrolysis. At the same time cause electrolytic aluminum pollution

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