Method for active control over electric arc additive manufacturing forming quality

The invention discloses a method for active control over the electric arc additive manufacturing forming quality. Thermodynamics criteria of stability of an electric arc additive manufacturing forming molten pool are established according to an arc welding molten pool heat source model, the Fourier law and heat conduction and fluid mechanics theories; and an analysis model for forming quality characterization amount and the forming process parameters is established according to the matching relation between the cladding process parameters and additional cooling system control parameters and the interlayer temperature and the forming quality. Based on the thermodynamics criteria of the stability of the molten pool and the analysis model for the forming quality characterization amount and the forming process parameters, optimized electric arc additive manufacturing interlayer temperature distribution characteristics are obtained, and through assistance of a computer, active control over the electric arc additive manufacturing forming quality is achieved by actively controlling the interlayer temperature. The method is an effective method which ensures the excellent surface quality and mechanical property for electric arc additive manufacturing formed parts.