Production of graphene-based composite nanostructures obtained by growing ZnO nanorods or microrods on suspended unsupported graphene nanosheets
A technology of graphene nanosheets and zinc oxide nanorods, applied in the direction of zinc oxide/zinc hydroxide, etc., can solve the problems of lengthy and problematic implementation
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Embodiment 1
[0080] The preparation of embodiment 1-GNP
[0081] GNPs were produced using graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) as precursors according to methods similar to those reported in [13–15]. Briefly, the GIC was thermally expanded at 1150 °C for 5 s in a muffle furnace. Then 20 mg of expanded graphite was immersed in ethanol (instead of acetone or acetone-DMF mixture or acetone-NMP mixture as described in [13-15]) and pulsed through the probe for a total time between 15 and 30 minutes. The needle was sonicated for exfoliation in the liquid phase, the oscillation amplitude of the probe was fixed at 70% and the temperature of the suspension was controlled at 15 °C by using a recirculating bath connected to a thermal cryostat. Sonication produces a colloidal suspension of GNPs with a lateral dimension of 1 μm to 5 μm and a thickness of 1 nm to 20 nm. The solvent was then removed by centrifugation.
Embodiment 2
[0082] Example 2 - Deposition of a seed layer on GNPs by magnetic stirring
[0083] The solution for deposition was prepared by dissolving zinc acetate dihydrate (concentration between 0.001 M and 0.010 M) in isopropanol with magnetic stirring at 400-600 rpm for 20 to 60 minutes. Before depositing the seed layer, the GNPs obtained in the previous step were rinsed with isopropanol and the solvent was removed by centrifugation. The GNPs were then dispersed in the solution by vigorous stirring in a centrifuge tube to form a seed layer. The suspension was then transferred to a glass beaker and magnetically stirred at 250 rpm for 30 min to obtain a uniform coating of the GNPs by the seed layer. The suspension was then further centrifuged (3095 g, 30 minutes) to remove the seed layer growth solution. The obtained precipitate was then heat-treated in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 200° C. to 400° C. for a period of 10 minutes to 60 minutes to obtain GNPs coated with ZnO nanop...
Embodiment 3
[0085] Example 3 - Deposition of a seed layer on GNPs by probe sonication
[0086] The solution used to deposit the seed layer was obtained as described in Example 2. Suspensions of GNPs were prepared as described in Example 2. The suspension was then transferred to a glass beaker and sonicated by an ultrasonic probe for a period of 5 min to 30 min, fixing the probe oscillation amplitude between 20% and 80% of the maximum value. The suspension was then further centrifuged (3095 g, 30 minutes) to remove the seed layer growth solution. The obtained precipitate was then heat-treated in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 200° C. to 400° C. for a period of 10 minutes to 60 minutes to obtain GNPs coated with ZnO nanoparticles constituting a seed layer.
[0087] Figure 2 shows images obtained under a scanning electron microscope of GNPs coated with a seed layer obtained by probe sonication. Compared with Example 2, it can be noted that the size of the nanoparticles providing the...
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