Battery cell structure for preventing rapid expansion of thermal runaway and energy storage module

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery cell structure for preventing rapid expansion of thermal runaway and an energy storage module. A battery cell comprises a closed shell, and a positive plate, a negative plate, an electrolyte and a diaphragm are mounted in the closed shell; and a positive end electrically connected with the positive plate and a negative end electrically connected with the negative plate are mounted on the closed shell; the positive plate is electrically connected with the positive end through a positive lead-out bus, the negative plate is electrically connected with the negative end through a negative lead-out bus, and the diaphragm is arranged between the positive plate and the negative plate; the structure also comprises a temperature switch which is connected in series to the positive electrode leading-out bus or the negative electrode leading-out bus, wherein the temperature switch is located at the center position in the closed shell; when the internal temperature of the battery cell exceeds a set value of the temperature switch, the temperature switch is automatically switched off to prevent the battery cell from continuously discharging through an external circuit, so that the safety performance of the battery cell is improved; the temperature switch is arranged in the battery cell, so the temperature in the battery cell can be accurately and timely detected, and a response can be quickly made.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a battery cell and an energy storage module, in particular to a battery cell structure and an energy storage module that prevent thermal runaway from rapidly expanding. Background technique [0002] Li-Na batteries have high energy density, high working voltage, long cycle life, and no memory effect, and have been widely used in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and power storage systems. Lithium-sodium-ion batteries have high specific energy, and the use of organic electrolyte solvents is inherently unsafe. In recent years, safety accidents related to lithium-ion batteries have occurred frequently, making the safety of lithium-ion batteries a research hotspot, and it is also a topic that the new energy industry pays the most attention to. The internal reason for the safety problem of lithium-ion batteries is that thermal runaway occurs inside the battery, and the heat continues to accumulate, causing the interna...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

The current commercialized lithium-ion battery separator is mainly polypropylene separator, which is cheap, has good mechanical properties and chemical stability, and has poor thermal stability. When the internal temperature of the battery is too high, the separator loses its insulation to the positive plate. Isolation effect, resulting in a local short-circuit heating of the battery cell. The melting of the surrounding diaphragm further aggravates the short-circuit temperature rise of the battery, which eventually leads to thermal runaway, causing thermal decomposition of organic carbonates, resulting in excessive internal pressure of the battery, resulting in electrolyte loss. Leakage, combustion, explosion and other energy release phenomena

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