Cyclic cracking and gasification technology for heavy oil solid heat carrier

Abstract

The heavy oil solid phase heat carrier circularly cracking and gasifying process includes spraying heavy oil from descending riser and preheated to 150-340 deg.c via high-efficiency atomizing nozzle to the middle part of the riser and heating the oil mist with the high temperature solid phase heat carrier at 750-950 deg.c from the gasifying fluidized bed; gas-solid separation of oil mist and solid phase heat carrier running to the bottom of the riser; oil-gas separation in the fractionating tower; air coking of the coke containing solid phase heat carrier in the coke burning unit in the ascending riser and solid-solid separation at 800-1200 deg.c; heat exchange with high temperature fume in waste heat boiler to produce 200-1000 deg.c overheat water vapor for gasification; gasifying the coke containing high temperature solid phase heat carrier in gasifying fluidized bed; gas-solid separation of the gasification produced water gas to output gas product and heat carrier for reuse.

Description

1. Technical field [0001] The invention provides a heavy oil solid-phase heat carrier circulation cracking and gasification process, which belongs to the field of petroleum refining. 2. Background technology [0002] Lightening heavy oil is one of the important topics in petroleum processing in various countries in the world today. Most of the crude oil in my country has a high content of residual oil and a low content of light oil. In addition, in recent years, the production of some heavy oil (heavy oil) has been increasing and the introduction of some foreign heavy crude oil has made the problem of lightening heavy oil more prominent. Heavy oil processing methods often include catalytic cracking, solvent deasphalting, visbreaking, coking, thermal cracking, heavy oil hydrogenation and other methods. The main way of petroleum refining, the rational use of carbon removal has not been well resolved. The heavy oil solid phase carrier circulation cracking process mainly inclu...

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Problems solved by technology

In addition to the target products (gasoline, diesel and olefin chemical raw materials) obtained by catalytic cracking of heavy oil, the removed carbon residues are burned in the regenerator to release heat. Part of the catalyst is heated as a heat source for cracking, and part of it is taken by a heat collector to generate steam and sent out. Or power generation, the reaction temperature is as low as 500°C-650°C, and the requirements for heavy oil raw materials are relatively high, and the full and effective utilization of petroleum resources has not been achieved; the reaction temperature of flexible coking and fluid coking is as low as 350°C-600°C, mainly for production Coked gasoline, diesel oil and coked wax oil used as catalytic raw materials, coke combustion is partially recycled as heat carrier, and partially gasified to produce synthesis gas, but the cracking time is too long, and the yield of light oil is low; heavy oil fluidized reforming ( For example, the ART process developed by Engelhard, the HCC process of Luoyang Petrochemical Design Institute, etc.) adopt the circulating fluidized bed technology similar to the heavy oil catalytic cracking process, the reaction temperature is about 400°C-600°C, the cracking time is short, and the light oil is recovered. The rate is relatively high, but the carbon residue removed has not been effectively utilized

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