The invention discloses a tower and trough combined solar thermal and oxygen-rich coal-burning unit coupled power generation system. The tower and trough combined solar thermal and oxygen-rich coal-burning unit coupled power generation system comprises a boiler system, a tower type solar heat collecting system, a turbine system, a trough type solar heat collecting system, an oxygen-rich air separation system waste heat recycling device, a smoke compression treatment system waste heat recycling device and an oxygen-rich smoke circulation system. According to the tower and trough combined solarthermal and oxygen-rich coal-burning unit coupled power generation system, tower type solar energy and an oxygen-rich coal-burning boiler are coupled, a trough type solar heat collecting field and a high pressure heater set are connected in parallel, the air separation system waste heat recycling device and the smoke compression treatment system waste heat recycling device are connected with a lowpressure heater set in parallel, gradient utilization of energy is realized, fuel consumption is lowered, gathering of carbon dioxide is facilitated, and meanwhile the problem of low stability of pure solar power generation is solved. The trough type solar heat collecting system and the high pressure heater set are connected in parallel, so that the sucking rate of a high pressure cylinder is reduced. The air separation system waste heat recycling device and the smoke compression treatment system waste heat recycling device are connected with the low pressure heater set in parallel, so that the sucking rate of a low pressure cylinder can be reduced. Stable operation of the system is guaranteed, the quantity of steam for power generation is increased, and electricity output of the system is improved.