Reduced-emissions combustion utilizing multiple-component metallic combustion catalyst and lightly catalyzed diesel oxidation catalyst

Inactive Publication Date: 2005-07-28
CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0011] It is another object of the invention to provide a system that can reduce system costs by lowering the requ

Problems solved by technology

From the standpoint of emissions, however, they present problems more severe than their spark-ignition counterparts.
In all cases, they are expensive due in significant part to the cost of precious metals used required to be effective.
A result of this approach is large quantities of excess NO2 escaping the system.
However, in this type of system, the art finds it necess

Method used

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Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

[0028] This example reports testing on a 1990 International DT 466 7.6 liter diesel engine operated over replicate hot transient test cycles on an engine dynamometer. Emissions results are the average of triplicate tests and are measured in units of grams / hp-hr. Testing on untreated No. 2 diesel fuel with >300 ppm sulfur produced baseline particulate emissions of 0.253 gr / hr-hr and NO2 of 1.1 g / hp-hr or 18% of total nitrogen oxides in the exhaust. Use of a bimetallic FBC in the No. 2D fuel at a dose rate of 0.15 ppm Pt and 7.5 ppm Ce reduced PM by 15% to 0.215 gr / hp-hr with NO2 reduced to 12% of total nitrogen oxide emissions.

[0029] Installation of a lightly catalyzed ceramic DOC with 3 grams / cu ft of precious metal loading operated on untreated No. 2D fuel produced PM emissions of 0.196 gr / hp-hr or a 23% reduction from baseline. No measurement of NO2 was made due to unavailability of test equipment. Use of FBC treated No. 2D with the lightly catalyzed DOC reduced PM emissions to 0...

example 2

[0032] This example presents the results of testing over a single cold and triple hot FTP transient test cycles for the FBC / DOC combination on a 1990 Cummins 8.3 liter 6 CTA, 275 hp medium heavy-duty engine certified to meet 1991 emission standards for NOx and PM. The engine was initially run on untreated No. 2D fuel (>300 ppm Sulfur) with no exhaust aftertreatment DOC installed. Particulate emissions were determined from the average composite at 0.190 gr / hp-hr.

[0033] Fuel was switched to FBC treated commercial ULSD (2 was also reduced by more than 50% from 0.9 gr / hp-hr to 0.4 gr / hp-hr.

[0034] The DOC was a 9.5″ dia.×6″ L 400 cpsi ceramic substrate made by Corning, Inc. and catalyzed with 3 gr / cu ft. of precious metal by Clean Air Systems, Inc. of New Mexico. It was installed in a stainless steel can with conventional inlet and outlet cones. The FBC was a platinum / cerium bimetallic used at a dose rate of 0.5 ppm / 7.5 ppm.

[0035] An identical field aged DOC-2 which had been operated ...

example 3

[0038] This example reports testing that further confirms the benefits of low levels of FBC in ULSD combined with a lightly catalyzed DOC. In this Example testing was conducted on a 1995 Navistar DT466, 7.6 liter engine over a single cold and three hot test cycles. The average of three composite emissions results was calculated and reported in grams / bhp-hr. Baseline emission results on untreated No. 2D fuel (>300 ppm S) show average PM emissions of 0.106 gr / hp-hr with NO2 emissions at 1.1 gr / hp-hr representing 23% of total NOx emissions.

[0039] Use of ULSD (2 reduced to 0.8 gr / hp-hr or 19% of total NOx emissions. Reductions in HC, CO and NOx were also observed for the FBC / ULSD combination.

[0040] In a further test, a degreened lightly catalyzed DOC-1 from Example 2 was installed in the exhaust and the engine was run on FBC treated ULSD. Overall PM emissions were reduced by 45% to 0.058 gr / hp-hr while NO2 was reduced to 0.6 gr / hp-hr representing 14% of overall NOx emissions. Further ...

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Abstract

An improved diesel operation system employs a lightly diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), preferably with a platinum containing fuel borne catalyst (FBC) in the fuel. The DOC is at least partially lightly catalyzed with precious metal catalyst, e.g., platinum group metal, having a metal loading of from about 3 to 15 grams per cubic foot to minimize formation of NO2 in the exhaust gas. Preferred fuel borne catalyst levels will be low, e.g., from 0.05 to 0.5 ppm for platinum and 3 to 8 ppm for cerium and/or iron, thereby providing effective engine out emissions reductions without discharging excessive amounts of metal catalysts or NO2 to the atmosphere.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS AND PRIORITY [0001] This is a continuation in part of and claims priority to pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10 / 306,954 filed 29 Nov. 2002, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 354,435 filed Feb. 04, 2002 (hereinafter, both referred to as priority applications).BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] The invention concerns a new process for to reduce emission of pollutants of the type generated by incomplete combustion, e.g., particulates, unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, while avoiding increasing the production of NO2. [0003] Diesel engines have a number of important advantages over engines of the Otto type. Among them are fuel economy, ease of repair and long life. From the standpoint of emissions, however, they present problems more severe than their spark-ignition counterparts. Emission problems relate to particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO). NOx is a ...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): C10L1/30F02M27/02C10L10/14F23C6/04F23C13/00F23J7/00F23K5/08
CPCC10L1/10F23K2900/05081C10L1/1814C10L1/1881C10L1/1886C10L1/189C10L1/301C10L1/305C10L10/02C10L10/06F01N3/023F01N3/035F01N3/10F01N2430/04F01N2510/065F02B3/06F02M25/00F02M27/02F23J7/00F23K5/08F23K2301/103C10L1/1241F23K2300/103F01N3/00
Inventor VALENTINE, JAMES M.SPRAGUE, BARRY N.
Owner CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES
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