Catalytic fuel deoxygenation system
a fuel deoxygenation and catalytic technology, applied in mechanical equipment, machines/engines, lighting and heating apparatus, etc., can solve the problems of inhibiting combustion, affecting the fuel line, and affecting the presence of dissolved oxygen in hydrocarbon jet fuels
Inactive Publication Date: 2006-09-07
UNITED TECH CORP
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Benefits of technology
The present invention is a fuel system for an energy conversion device that includes a deoxygenator system. This system reduces the amount of oxygen in the fuel by adding a reducing agent like hydrogen. This makes the fuel safer and more efficient for use in the energy conversion device. The system is simple and reliable, and can effectively deoxygenate fuel.
Problems solved by technology
The presence of dissolved oxygen in hydrocarbon jet fuels may be objectionable because the oxygen supports oxidation reactions that yield undesirable by-products.
When aerated fuel is heated between 350° F. and 850° F. the oxygen initiates free radical reactions of the fuel resulting in deposits commonly referred to as “coke” or “coking.” Coke may be detrimental to the fuel lines and may inhibit combustion.
The formation of such deposits may impair the normal functioning of a fuel system, either with respect to an intended heat exchange function or the efficient injection of fuel.
Although effective, the fuel plate FSU may be relatively difficult and expensive to manufacture.
Method used
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Embodiment Construction
[0011]FIG. 1 illustrates a general schematic view of a fuel system 10 for an energy conversion device (ECD) 12. A deoxygenator system 14 receives liquid fuel F from a reservoir 16 such as a fuel tank. The fuel F is typically a liquid hydrocarbon fuel such as jet fuel. The ECD 12 may exist in a variety of forms in which the fuel, at some point prior to eventual use for processing, for combustion or for some form of energy release, acquires sufficient heat to support autoxidation reactions and coking if dissolved oxygen is present to any significant extent in the fuel.
[0012] One form of the ECD 12 is a gas turbine engine, and particularly such engines in high performance aircraft, however, other ground vehicles and power stations will likewise benefit from the present invention. Typically, the fuel also serves as a coolant for one or more sub-systems in the aircraft and becomes heated as it is delivered prior to combustion.
[0013] A heat exchange system 18 represents a system through...
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A fuel system for an energy conversion device includes a deoxygenator system with a reducing system and an active metal catalyst system downstream thereof. The reducing system injects a reducing agent such as hydrogen into the liquid hydrocarbon fuel which contains the dissolved oxygen. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel with the dissolved oxygen is thereby enriched with the reducing agent prior to communication to the active catalyst system which reactively consumes the free oxygen dissolved within the liquid hydrocarbon fuel.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0001] The present invention relates to stabilizing fuel by deoxygenation, and more particularly to catalytic deoxygenation. [0002] Fuel is often utilized in aircraft as a coolant for various aircraft systems. The presence of dissolved oxygen in hydrocarbon jet fuels may be objectionable because the oxygen supports oxidation reactions that yield undesirable by-products. Dissolution of air in jet fuel results in an approximately 70 ppm oxygen concentration. When aerated fuel is heated between 350° F. and 850° F. the oxygen initiates free radical reactions of the fuel resulting in deposits commonly referred to as “coke” or “coking.” Coke may be detrimental to the fuel lines and may inhibit combustion. The formation of such deposits may impair the normal functioning of a fuel system, either with respect to an intended heat exchange function or the efficient injection of fuel. [0003] Various conventional fuel deoxygenation techniques are currently utilized to...
Claims
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IPC IPC(8): F01N3/00
CPCF23K5/08F23K2900/05081Y02E20/34
InventorLAMM, FOSTER P.VANDERSPURT, THOMAS H.
OwnerUNITED TECH CORP