Biological control of plant diseases
a technology of plant diseases and biological control, applied in the field of ulocladium oudemansii, can solve the problems of plant disease caused by pathogens such as fungi, affecting the economic benefits of plant-based industries, and affecting the survival rate of plants,
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example 1
Ulocladium oudemansii (AGAL No. NM 99 / 06216)
[0061] This was originally isolated from kiwifruit leaf litter sourced from the Massey University kiwifruit research orchard at Palmerston North. The leaf litter sample was incubated in a high humidity chamber to encourage spore production by saprophytic fungi. Conidia belonging to Ulocladium spp., from the leaf litter sample, were cultured onto oatmeal agar for purification of the culture and later testing according to the protocol of Example 3.
Ulocladium Characteristics
[0062] The isolate was identified as Ulocladium oudemansii at the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS), Delft, The Netherlands using the taxonomic reference of Simmons, EG (1967).
Morphological Characteristics
[0063] Mycelium pale olivaceous-brown, smooth or minutely roughened.
[0064] Colonies on agar (Potato carrot agar, PCA) growing rapidly, velvety black or olivaceous charcoal-black with a white margin. After 9 days at 20° C., the culture diameter is 72 mm. O...
example 2
Preparation of Ulocladium Oudemansii for Field Experiments
[0068] Storage cultures of U. oudemansii (including AGAL No. NM 99 / 06216), were preserved in 15% sterile glycerol at −70° C. and stored until required.
[0069] The U. oudemansii isolates were grown on oatmeal agar (OA) slant cultures in 35-50 ml testtubes with a cotton wool bung, for 2-3 weeks at 18° C. in the dark. 10-20 ml of sterile Millipure™ water (plus 0.01% Tween80) was added to the slant cultures which were then gently scraped with a sterile scalpel to dislodge conidia. For small fermentation runs, the resultant spore suspension was then added to whole moistened organic oats (autoclaved twice for 45 minutes at 12° C., 100 kPa) in sterile culture bags (Type MBO3LPP, Van Leer flexible packaging, Pont-Audemer, France). These culture bags were then sealed with adhesive tape and incubated at 18° C. in the dark for 3-4 weeks.
[0070] The U. oudemansii isolates were prepared for field experiments using the following protocol....
example 3
Process for Selection of Biological Control Agents
Introduction
[0071] Effective biological control agents can be selected according to their ability to displace or exclude a potential disease-causing microorganism from its substrate or ecological niche. Under conducive conditions phytopathogens such as Botrytis cinerea may colonise senescent dead or necrotic tissue. Competitive, non-pathogenic saprophytes may be applied so as to exclude and / or out-compete the phytopathogen, thereby preventing or limiting the disease-causing capability of the pathogen. The effectiveness of these saprophytes in the field is in turn dependent on their ability to survive varying climatic conditions, such as interrupted wet periods and desiccation. A method is provided by which competitive saprophytes with these characteristics may be selected. The method follows that originally devised by Dr Jurgen Köhl for onion and lily leaves (Köhl et al., 1995a, 1995b).
Methods
[0072] Discs (dia. 21 mm) were cut ...
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