Light Transmitted Assay Beads

Abstract

A micro bead having a digitally coded structure that is partially transmissive and opaque to light. The pattern of transmitted light is determined by to decode the bead. The coded bead may be structured a series of alternating light transmissive and opaque sections, with relative positions, widths and spacing resembling a 1D or 2D bar code image. To decode the image, the alternating transmissive and opaque sections of the body are scanned in analogous fashion to bar code scanning. The coded bead may be coated or immobilized with a capture or probe to effect a desired bioassay. The coded bead may include a paramagnetic material. A bioanalysis system conducts high throughput bioanalysis using the coded bead, including a reaction detection zone and a decoding zone.

Description

[0001]This application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11 / 502,606, filed Aug. 9, 2006, which claims the benefit of the priority of Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 706,896, which was filed Aug. 9, 2005. This provisional application is fully incorporated by reference, as if fully set forth herein. All other publications and U.S. patent applications disclosed herein below are also incorporated by reference, as if fully set forth herein.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002]1. Field of the Invention[0003]The invention relates generally to assay beads and methods for use thereof to carry out bioassays, and more particularly multiplexed bioassays using micro-volume samples, such as protein and nucleic acid analysis.[0004]2. Description of Related Art[0005]As current research in genomics and proteomics produces more multiplexed data, there is a need for technologies that can rapidly screen a large number of nucleic acids and proteins in a very sma...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0018]In one embodiment, the coded bead is provided with a reflective thin film, (e.g., plating or coating the coded bead with a metal thin film, or providing an intermediate layer of metal thin film) to improve contrast and optical efficiency for image recognition for decoding.

[0023]In another aspect of the present invention, a microfluidic apparatus comprises a sheath flow system to provide steady and stable bead flow through the optical detection area. The sheath system includes one core flow, which carries the barcode beads, and two sheath flows, on the sides of or about or around the outer periphery of the core flow, pull the core flow into a proper dimension. The sheath flows, at much higher speed, can be pushed or pulled by vacuum, gravity, or pressure. By this method, the coded bead will align themselves in line and flow reliably, without wobbling or flipping, in the core flow channel through the detection zone. By adjusting the relative flow rate of core flow and sheath flows, the coded beads flow reliably in the flow system, thus it can be decoded and detected by an optical system accurately.

[0024]In another aspect of the present invention, the optical detection system consists of at least one illumination light source for barcode illumination and fluorescence detection. The wavelength of fluorescence excitation light source depends on the selection of the fluorophore. For example, a line scan CCD camera for barcode detection provides continuously scan at a rate of 65,000 scans / second. By proper adjusting the flow rate, each bead will be scanner several times under the illumination zone. Photon detector, such as photonmultiplier tube, has the fast detection rate, such as 100 MHz. It is possible to quickly detect the barcode and fluorescence beads in the high speed flow system.

[0025]The identity of the bead may be associated with other properties and / or characteristics. In another aspect of the present invention, the coded bead is coated or immobilized with a biological and / or chemical substance, as a specific capture or probe to effect a desired bioassay or identification application. A plurality of beads may be applied to conduct multiplexed bioassays. For example the bead may be functionalized with a material selected from the group consisting of proteins, nucleic acids, small molecules, organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, and combinations thereof, allowing for the possibility of multiplexed assays in homogeneous or heterogeneous media, using micro-volume samples.

Problems solved by technology

However, mechanical contact printing is not very attractive because it is printed one spot per contact that results in relatively large printing variations from spot to spot or batch to batch, inconsistent spot morphology, misprinting, and slide surface variations, all of which are undesirable for DNA microarray analysis.

Further, distributing a small volume of liquid samples over a relatively large chip surface often encounters the problems of insufficient sample amounts or non-uniform distribution over the chip surface.

These problems can cause incomplete reactions or very long reaction time.

The problems of reflection configuration are (1) it is difficult to setup the collection optics in proper position, especially when the beads are in micrometer scale, and (2) the light collection efficiency is poor and the barcode contrast is low, especially when micro beads are in the micro flow system.

The flow scatters light, which interferes with optical reflection or emissive detection.

Further, fluorescent beads, the spectral range and the possible number of spectrally distinguishable labels, however, often limit the potential number of code variations.

In addition, the validity of the coding signatures is another serious concern, since the incorporated coding elements in some cases may be lost; photo bleached, or interfered spectrally with the analytical signals.

In the case of multi-metal (Au, Pt, Ni, Ag, etc) color micro rods, the encoding scheme suffers from the difficulty of manufacturing and the number of colors, based on different metal materials, is limited.

Although high speed camera is available for capturing bar code images, pattern recognition is a slow and time consuming process.

Therefore, it is difficult to identify hundreds or thousands of beads in a short time to improve throughput.

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