Method for Processing Industrial and Domestic Wastes

Abstract

The invention relates to chemical technology and equipment, in particular, to methods and apparatuses for pyrolysis (gasification) in molten salts and / or alkalis of organic household and industrial waste. The task of the invention is to increase quality and quantity of obtainable pyrolysis gas.Set task is achieved by formation of gas-tight plug from compressed waste in the supply channel. From outside of loading channel a layer of products of low-temperature waste processing is formed, at that along the loading channel temperature regime in the range from 20 to 550° C. is formed. Temperature regulation in the loading channel is carried out by dosed supply of water vapor and / or carbon dioxide into product layer of low-temperature processing waste.Metals, oxides, salts or oxide hydrates thereof are added to waste as processing catalysts. Water vapor and / or carbon dioxide are supplied into the area of high-temperature processing.Silicon dioxide is added to waste for melt regeneration.The pipe of the waste loading device in the apparatus is equipped with the cooler for method implementation. The reactor pipe, damper chamber and shell of operating area are located coaxially with the pipe of loading device in the apparatus. The blades, providing melt twisting and dispersion of gaseous products in melts, are installed in the operating area of the device. The heating tubes are located in the area between the operating area shell and vessel. The apparatus is equipped with the displacing device for slug discharge.Proposed method and device allow to obtain optimal gas composition for its further use in production of electric power of for synthesis of, for example, alternative engine oil. At that oxygen or air are not used and harmful and atmospheric emission are practically absent.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION[0001]This application is a continuation of International Application PCT / UA2008 / 000053, filed Aug. 29, 2008, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0002]The invention relates to chemical technology and equipment, in particular, to methods and apparatuses for processing (pyrolysis and gasification) in volume in molten salts and / or alkalis of household and industrial waste containing organic substances.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0003]U.S. Pat. No. 6,799,595 IPC F16K 13 / 00, F16K 13 / 10 describes the method for waste processing, which comprises waste supply into molten salts or alkalis and the apparatus for implementation thereof, wherein the waste is fed into the melt in air stream. At that flameless oxidation of waste occurs.[0004]The closest technical solution for inventive method is the method for industrial and household waste processing, comprising waste supply through loading channel into the melt ...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0007]An object of the invention is to increase the cost-effectiveness by acceleration of processing, to increase quality and quantity of gas obtained at processing for its further use and to improve slag discharge conditions. Set tasks are solved by inventive method for organic industrial and household waste processing, comprising supplying waste into the apparatus—reactor through the vertical loading channel into molten salt and / or alkali mix to area of high-temperature processing within the temperature range from 850 to 950° C. Wastes are supplied into the reactor through the pipe of loading device and movable gas-tight plug is formed by compression of waste using a piston. An area of low-temperature waste processing is formed in operating volume of vertical loading pipe, for this purpose temperature regime within the range from 20 to 550° C. is set along it, at that case temperature regulation is carried out by dosed supply of water vapor and / or carbon dioxide into the layer of products of low-temperature processing, formed in loading channel.

Problems solved by technology

However, the disadvantage of said solutions is that the volume minimization is connected with degradation of both thermal power of obtained gas and its chemical composition.

It impedes the use of obtained gas both in power generation cycle and for synthesis of, e.g., petrol.

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